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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT: A)cytosol B) genetic material such as DNA C) a nuclear membrane D) a plasma cell membrane E) ribosomes |
C) a nuclear membrane |
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Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily A) nucleic acids B) polysaccharides C) lipids D) proteins |
D) proteins |
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Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane? A) Mitochondrion B) Nuclear envelope C) Ribosome D) Chloroplast |
C)Ribosome |
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Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell. A) RNA-DNA-protein B) DNA-RNA-protein C) ER-DNA-RNA-protein D) ER- DNA-Golgi-protein |
B) DNA-RNA-protein |
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Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of A)DNA B)RNA C) proteins D)glucose |
Cproteins |
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Which of the following is associated with rough ER? A) Chlorophyll B) Ribosomes C) Lipid synthesis D) Plasma membrane E) DNA |
B) Ribosomes |
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The Golgi apparatus packages materials into___ for transport or export A) organelles B) vesicles C) mitochondria D) Nucleoli |
B) vesicles |
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How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles? A) the organelles are engulfed by plastids and stored B) defective organelles accumulate until the cell itself dies C) lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them. E) the organelles are exported by phagocytoosis |
C) lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them. |
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All of the following cells contain mitochondria ECEPT: A) plant cells B) animal cells C) prokaryotic cells D) eukaryotic cells |
C) prokaryotic cells |
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Which of the following provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic organisms/ A)They produce digestive enzymes on their rough ER. B) they contain their own DNA and ribosomes C) They capture the energy of sunlight to make ATP D) They contain lysomes |
B) they contain their own DNA and ribosomes |
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Which of the following is capable of converting solar energy into chemical energy? A) Chloroplasts B) Mitochondria C) Vesicles D) Vacuoles E) Golgi apparatus |
A)Chloroplasts |
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Resolution is the A) ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate B) size of an image C) ability of an optical instrument to magnify and image D) distance between the lenses of a microscope |
B) size of an image |
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A scanning electron microscope is used to study ___, whereas a transmission electron microspce is used to study ___. A) live cells; dead cells B) cell surfaces; internal cell structures C) dead cells; live cells D) internal cell structures; cell surfaces |
B) cell surfaces; internal cell structures |
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As cell size increases, the A) volume and surface area decrease B) Volume increases proportionally more than the surface area C) surface area increases proportionally more than the volume D) ratio of surface area to volume stays the same |
B) volume increases proportionally more than the surface area |
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In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads A) are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. B ) are hydrophilic and face inward sheled from water C) are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane D) are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water |
A) are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane |
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____cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. A) Plant B) Prokaryotic C) Eukaryotic D) fungal |
B) prokaryotic |
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The nucleus of a cell A) is surrounded by a single layer of membrane B) is contained within the nucleus C) contains DNA D) is primary location of protein synthesis |
C) contains DNA |
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The complex of proteins and DNA in a eukaryotic cell is called A) chromatin B) a nucleolus C) a ribosome D) a lysosome |
A) chromatin |
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells B) is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells C) produces proteins for cell membranes D) helps assemble ribsomes for protein synthesis |
A) stores calcium ions in muscle cells |
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The Golgi apparatus A) is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are all physically connected to one another B) modifies and packages proteins C) strings together amino acids to produce proteins D) is the site of carbohydrate breakdown |
B) modifies and packages proteins |
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When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. as a result of this, that cell will A) recycle damaged organelles. B) undergo cell division C) produce replacement lysosomes D) undergo self-digestion and die |
D) undergo self digestion and die |
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Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following options correctly lists the order of the structures through which insulin passes from its production to it exit from the cell? A) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicle, cell membrane B) rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane C) rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane D) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, vacuole, cell membrane |
A) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane |
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Cyanide inhibits/blocks mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of A) atp synthesis increases B) ATP synthesis decreases C) photosynthesis increases D) protein synthesis increases |
B) ATP synthesis decreases |
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The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that A) two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other B) a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells C) a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell,exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell D) two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell |
B) a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells |
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It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are A) plasmodemata B) anchoring junctions C) tight junctions D) gap junctions |
D) gap junctions |
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In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is A) the relative solubility of the component B) the size and weight of the component C) the percentage of carbohydrates in the component D) the presence of absence of nucleic acids in the component E) the presence or absence of lipids in the component |
B) the size and weight of the component |
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A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely A) producing primarily proteins for secretion B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins C) construction an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix D) digesting large food particles E) enlarging its vacuole |
B) producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins |
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Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell? A) rough ER B) lysosomes C) plasmodesmata D) Golgi vesicles E) free cytoplasmic ribosomes |
A) rough ER |
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Which two proteins work together to allow muscle contraction A) Actin and microtubles B) Intermediate filaments and myosin C) Actin and myosin D) Keratin and collegen |
C) actin and myosin |
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Some regions of the plasma membrane called lipid rafts have a higher concentration of cholesterol molecules. At high temperatures these regions A) are more fluid than the surrounding membrane B) are less fluid than the surrounding membrane C) are able to flip from inside to outside D) detach from the plasma membrane and clog arteries E) have higher rates of lateral diffusion of lipids and proteins into and out of these regions |
B) are less fluid than the surrounding membrane |
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The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposes the membranes A) are phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins B) are a single layer of phospholipids and proteins C) consist of mosaic of protein molecules embedded in fluid bilayer of phospholipids D) consist of a mosaic of polysaccharides and proteins |
C) consist of mosaic of protein molecules emebedded in fluid bilayer of phospholipids
A) |
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According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is true statement about membrane phospholipids A) They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane B) They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other C) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer with membrane proteins restricted to surface of the membrane D) They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution D) They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane |
A) They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane |
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Which of the following is one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold A) by increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane B) by increasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membrane C) by decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane D) by cotransport of glucose and hydrogen E) by using active transport |
A) by increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane
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In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be A)hydrophilic B)hydrophobic C) amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region D)completely covered with phospholipids E) exposed on only one surface of the membrane |
C) amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region |
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Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures? A) The double bonds from kinks in the fatty acid tails preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly B) Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content and therefore more cholesterol in their membranes C) Unsaturated fatty acids are more polar than saturated fatty acids D) the double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids E) the double bonds result in shorter fatty acid tails and thinner membranes |
A)) the double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly |
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Which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer A) transmembrane proteins B) integral proteins C) peripheral proteins D) integrins |
C) peripheral proteins |
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Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes? A) The interior of the membrane is filled with liquid water B) Lipids and proteins repulse each other in the membrane C) Hydrophilic portions of the lipids are in the interior of the membrane D) there are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane E) Molecules such as cellulose can pull them in various directions |
D) There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the embranes |
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The movement of the hydrophobic gas nitrous oxide (N2)) (laughing gas) into a cell is an example of A) diffusion across the lipid bilayer B) facilitated diffusion C) active transport D) osmosis E) cotransport |
A) diffusion across the lipid bilayer |
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What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? A) large and hydrophobic B) small and hydrophobic C) large polar D) ionic E) monosaccharides such as glucose |
B) small and hydrophobic |
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Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion? A) It is very rapid over long distances B) it requires an expenditure of energy by the cell C) it is a passive process in which molecules move from a region higher concentration to a region of lower concentration D) It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration E) it requires integral proteins in the cell membrane |
C) it is passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
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Water passes quickly through cell membranes because A) the bilayer is hydrophilic B) it moves through hydrophobic channels C) water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis D) it is a small polar charged molecule E) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane |
D) it is a small polar charged molecule |
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Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? A) Water will leave the cells causing them to shrivel and collapse B) NaCl will exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion C) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst D) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells E) The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm |
C) The blood cells will take up water, swell and eventually burst |
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plan and animal cells? A) the animal cell is a hypotonic solution and the plan cell is an isotonic solution B) the animal cell is in an isotonic solution and the plant cell is in a hypertonic solution C) the animal cell is in a hypertonic solution and the plant cell is in an isotonic solution D) the animal cell is in an isotonic solution and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution E) the animal cell is in a hypertonic solution and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution |
D) animal cell is an isotonic solution and the plant cell is in a hypotonic solution |
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Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis A) facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel B) movement of water into a cell C) movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid D) movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher concentration of glucose than inside the cell E) movement of carbon dioxide out of paramecium |
C) movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid |
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What is the voltage across a membrane called? A) water potential B) chemical gradient C) membrane potential D) osmotic potential |
C) membrane potential |
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The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires A) low cellular concentration of sodium B) high cellular concentrations of potassium C) an energy source such as ATP D) a contransport protein E) potassium channel protein |
C) an energy source such as ATP |
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The difference between pinocytosis and receptor-meditated endocytosis is that A) pinocytosis brings only water molecules into the cell but receptor mediated endocytosis brings in the other molecules as well B) pinocytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane whereas receptor mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area C) pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity D) pinocytosis requires cellular energy, but receptor mediated endocytosis does not E) pinocytosis can concentrate substances from the extracellular fluid but receptor mediated endocytosis cannot |
pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell whereas receptor mediated endocytosis offers more selectivity |
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The solutions in the tow arms of the U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to sucrose. Side A is hal-filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal. After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed? A) the molarity of sucrose is higher than that of glucose on side A B) the molarity of glucose is higher in side A than in side B C) the water level is higher in side A than in side B D) the water level is unchanged E) the water level is higher in the side B than in side A |
C) the water level is higher in side A than in side B |
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Five dialysis bags, constructed from a semipermeable membrane that is impermeable to sucrose, where filled with various concentrations of sucrose and then placed in separate beakers containing an initial concentration of 0.6 M sucrose solution. At 10 min intervals, the bags were massed and the percent changes in mass of each bag as graphed Which line in the graph represents the bag with the highest initial concentration of sucrose A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E |
A) A |
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A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water-equal to the vol of blood lost s transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? A) It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria B) the patients red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells C) the patients red blood cells will burst because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells D) the patients red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells |
C) the Pt red blood cell will burst because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells |
