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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pancreas exocrine function
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digestive enzymes, zymogens
tripsinogen, amylase, nuclease, lipase |
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Pancreatic endocrine function
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insulin and glucagon, somatostatin
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Control of exocrine pancreas f-n
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Secretin and CCK released by duodenum, vagus nerve stimulates
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CCK
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cholecystokinin, induces pancreas to release digestive enzymes
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Secretin
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causes pancreas to secrete bicarbonate and water
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Internal anal sphincter
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Smooth muscle, involuntary
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External anal sphincter
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skeletal muscle, voluntary
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Digestion of carbohydrates
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absorption via cotransport with Na+ and facilitated diffusion, enter capillary bed in villi, transported to liver via hepatic portal vein
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Enzymes used in digestion of carbohydrates
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pancreatic amylase, salivary amylase, brush border enzymes
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Digestion of proteins
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same as in carbohydrates
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Enzymes used for proteins
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stomach - pepsin
pancreas - trypsin, chemotrypsin, carboxypeptidase brush border enzymes - aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase |
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Absorption of fat
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triglycerides broken down by bile and diffuse in intestinal walls by simple diffusion
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Digestion of fat
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combine with proteins, form chylomicrons, enter lacteals, transported via lymph to systemic circulation (thoracic duct)
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Kidney cortex
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glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules of nephron, filtering mechanism
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Kidney medulla
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loops of Henle, collecting duct, collect and concentrate urine
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Calyx
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canal for urine
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Glomerulus
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ball of capillaries
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Nephron
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fuctional unit of kidney
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What is not filtered by glomeruli?
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plasma proteins
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Renin angiotensin mechanism
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JG cells -->renin,which acts on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I--> angiotensinogen II
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Angiotensinogen II
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Raises BP and stimulates release of aldosterone
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Selective reabsorption
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occurs in PCT and loop of Henle
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Reabsorption in PCT
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Na, nutrients, water, cations anions, urea , small proteins
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Collecting duct absorbs
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water and urea
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Descending loop of Henle
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countercurrent multiplier, impermeable to solutes, permeable to water
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Ascending loop of Henle
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Permeable to solutes, impermeable to water
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Vasa Recta
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countercurrent exchanger, maintains osmotic gradient, delivers blood to cells in area
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Dilution of urine
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occurs in ascending loop of Henle, can happen as long as ADH is not secreted, created by allowing filtrate to pass to renal pelvis
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ADH
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inhibits diuresis, water reabsorbed, osmolality of filtrate same as interstitial fluid - concentrated urine
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