Biology - 2740 Exam 3

Front 1

Bundle of nerve fibers inside CNS

Back 1

tract

Front 2

Bundle of nerve fibers outside the CNS or in the PNS

Back 2

nerve

Front 3

Group of cell bodies within the CNS

Back 3

nucleus

Front 4

Group of cell bodies within the PNS

Back 4

Ganglion

Front 5

Clumps of rough ER are called?

Back 5

Nissl bodies

Front 6

Multi polar neurons are found where?

Back 6

CNS

Front 7

Bipolar neurons are found where?

Back 7

specialized areas like the retina, inner ear and olfactory mucosa

Front 8

Unipolar neurons are found where?

Back 8

all sensory neurons. also called pseudounipolar

Front 9

Produces fatty material that surrounds the axon called myelin. In the CNS

Back 9

Oligodendrocytes

Front 10

Used as support and protect blood brain barrier in CNS

Back 10

Astrocytes

Front 11

Lining cells that line the cavity of the brain and spinal cord. In the CNS

Back 11

Ependymal cells

Front 12

Phagocytes that ingest or engulf by endocytosis. Part of defense system of CNS

Back 12

Microglia

Front 13

Type of cell that does the same job as the oligodendrocyte except in the PNS. Insulates against dampness.

Back 13

Schwann Cell

Front 14

Located in the ganglia (PNS), this cell does the same job as the asctrocyte in the CNS. support.

Back 14

satellite cells

Front 15

Local potentials have 4 characteristics. They are:

Back 15

graded
decremental
reversible
excitatory or inhibitory

Front 16

Action potentials have 3 characteristics. They are:

Back 16

All or none response
nondecremental
irreversible

Front 17

Two types of refractory periods:

Back 17

Absolute and relative

Front 18

Relative refractive period defined:

Back 18

given strong enough stimulus, you can stimulate again.

Front 19

Absolute refractive period defined:

Back 19

No stimulus possible.

Front 20

Jumping from one node of Ranvier to another is known as?

Back 20

Saltation

Front 21

axon to dendrite synapse is called

Back 21

axodendritic synapse

Front 22

axon to soma (cell body) synapse is called

Back 22

axosomatic synapse

Front 23

axon to axon synapse is called

Back 23

axoaxonic synapse

Front 24

Electrical synapse involves which muscles?

Back 24

cardiac and single unit smooth muscle.

Front 25

a chemical that changes the physiology of a cell is known as a

Back 25

neurotransmitter.

Front 26

Name the 4 Amino acid neurotransmitters

Back 26

GABA
Glycine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid

Front 27

Name the neurotransmitter thats in a class by itself.

Back 27

ACh - acetylcholine

Front 28

Name the 5 Monoamine neurotransmitters

Back 28

Epinephrine (adrenalyn)
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Histamine

Front 29

Name the 3 Monoamine neurotransmitters that are in a class by themselves referred to as the catecholamines.

Back 29

Epinephrine (adrenalyn)
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

Front 30

Name the 4 neuropeptides:

Back 30

Enkephalin (opiates)
Substance P (gives sensation of pain in brain)
Cholecystokinin
Endorphin

Front 31

Rostal means

Back 31

toward the nose/nasal area

Front 32

Caudal means

Back 32

toward the tail

Front 33

Name the three major portions of the brain.

Back 33

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

Front 34

Name the three lobes of the Cerebrum:

Back 34

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe

Front 35

Folds in the cerebrum are called:

Back 35

gyri or gyrus

Front 36

Grooves that separate the gyri are called:

Back 36

sulcus or suci

Front 37

Divides the two hemispheres of the cerebrum:

Back 37

longitudal fissure

Front 38

The central sulcus separates the _______ from the _________.

Back 38

front from the rear

Front 39

At the bottom of the longitudal fissure, the hemispheres are connected by thick bundles of nerve fibers called:

Back 39

the corpus callosum

Front 40

This sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.

Back 40

lateral sulcus

Front 41

This plate (which develops early in the 3rd week of development) gives rise to the epidermis, brain and spinal cord.

Back 41

neural plate.

Front 42

At pregnancy, the neural tube doesn't close and the child is born with an open cavity. This is called:

Back 42

spinabfida

Front 43

Prosencephalon is also known as the

Back 43

forebrain

Front 44

mesensephalon is also known as the

Back 44

midbrain

Front 45

rhombencephalon is also known as the

Back 45

hind brain

Front 46

At 5 weeks the prosencephalon (forebrain) subdivides into two vesicles known as:

Back 46

telencephalon
diencephalon

Front 47

Does the mesencephalon (midbrain) subdivide? If so, into what?

Back 47

No. It doesn't subdivide

Front 48

At 5 weeks the rhombencephalon (hind brain) subdivides into two vesicles known as

Back 48

metencephalon
myencephlaon (medulla obongota)

Front 49

Name the 3 functions of the CSF?

Back 49

buoyancy
protection against jarring
chemical stability (ph fluctuations)

Front 50

Cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid are called:

Back 50

ventricles

Front 51

How many ventricles do we have?

Back 51

lateral ventricles - 1 and 2
third and fourth ventricles. Total of 4.

Front 52

Group of large capillarys in the upper roof region of cavities is called?

Back 52

Choroid plexus

Front 53

The myencephalon becomes one adult structure known as the

Back 53

medulla oblongota

Front 54

Where is the cardiac center located? What does it do?

Back 54

Located in the myelencephalon.
Slows heart via vagus X or speed heart via T1 thru T5

Front 55

Where is the Vasomotor center located? What does it do?

Back 55

Located in the myelencephalon.
Vasodilation - blood pressure drops
Vasoconstriction - BP increases.

Front 56

Which two centers are located in the myelencephalon?

Back 56

Cardiac and Vasomotor centers

Front 57

The Metencephalon develops into two structures. What are they?

Back 57

Pons and cerebellum

Front 58

Has fiber tracts and nuclei.

Back 58

Pons

Front 59

Contains two hemispheres (cerebellar and vermis) and has both white and gray matter. Muscle coordination and balance.

Back 59

Cerebellum

Front 60

Two stalks that anchor the cerebrum to the brain stem.

Back 60

Cerebral peduncle.

Front 61

The two superior colliculi of the mesencephalon control what?

Back 61

visual reflexes

Front 62

The two inferior colliculi of the mesencephalon control what

Back 62

sound reflexes

Front 63

The diencephalon has three major derivatives. What are they>

Back 63

Thalmus
Hypothalmus
Epithalmus

Front 64

Known as the relay center

Back 64

Thalmus

Front 65

Anterior nucleus controls..

Back 65

thirst and thermoregulation

Front 66

arcuate nucleus regulates...

Back 66

appetite

Front 67

dorsomedial nucleus controls..

Back 67

rage and other emotions

Front 68

Mamillary nuclei controls.

Back 68

relay between limbic systems and thalmus. Involved in long term memory.

Front 69

Paraventricular nucleus produces..

Back 69

oxycotin

Front 70

Posterior nucleus functions with...

Back 70

gray matter of midbrain in emotional, cardiovascular and pain control.

Front 71

Preoptic nucleus is involved with

Back 71

hormonal control of reproductive functions.

Front 72

Suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates

Back 72

circadian rhythms...biological clock.

Front 73

Supraoptic nucleus produces

Back 73

anti-diuretic hormone

Front 74

Ventromedial nucleus

Back 74

Satiety center. Suppresses appetite.

Front 75

Where is the pineal gland and what does it do?

Back 75

Located in the epithalmus and produces melatonin.