Biology 242 Test 2

Front 1

Hemichordata

Back 1

*stomatochord instead of hollow nerve chord
*feed with Pharyngeal gill slits
*probiscis used to burrow

ex: Acorn Worms

Front 2

Platyhelminthes

Back 2

*Acoelomates
*First to show cephalization
*Unsegmented
*Exchange gas through skin

1) Turbellarians= Flat worm
2) Cestodes= Tape Worm (Dugesia)
3)Trematodes=Flukes (Schistosoma)

Front 3

Annelida

Back 3

*Segmented
*Complete circulatory/excretory system
*

1) Oligochaetes= Earth worms, "few hairs" (tubifex)
2) Polychaetes= really weird, covered in "hairs"/parapodia used to feed and move
3) Hirudea= Leeches

Front 4

Diploblasts

Back 4

Two germ layers (tissue)(endo and ectoderm)

1. Cnidaria
2. Ctenophora

Front 5

Vertebrates

Back 5

*mostly fish
*vertebral column protects nerve chord (ectodermal in origin)

Front 6

Cnidaria

Back 6

*Diploblasts
*Radial Symmetry
*Acoelomates
*Feed with tenticles, cnidocyte (stingers)
*Sac with stomach
*Polyps are sessile, Medusas move (using jet propulsion or hydrostatic skeleton)

1) Hydrozoans=mostly polyps
2) Scyphozoans=mostly medusa (jellyfish)
3) Anthozoans=medusa stage absent (sea anemone)

Front 7

Role of a Coelom

Back 7

1. provide space for fluids to circulate among organs
2. provide hydrostatic skeleton for movement

Front 8

Parazoans

Back 8

*lack tissue, only Porifera

Front 9

Mollusca

Back 9

*Unsegmented
*Muscular foot, visceral mass, mantel, radula

1) Gastropods= feed using radula, snails, slugs, torsion-digestive tract rotates 180 degrees
2) Bivalves= two part shell, suspension feed with gills, no radula
3) Cephalopods= highly modified bodies, good hunters, no shell, feed using beak, tenticles and radula

Front 10

Triploblasts

Back 10

*3 germ layers (organs and tissue)(meso, ecto and endoderm)
*Platyhelminthes
*Annelids
*Echinodermata
*Chordata
*Hemichordata
*Rotifers
*Mollusca
*Arthropoda
*Nematoda
*Acoelomorpha

Front 11

Arthropoda

Back 11

*highly reduced coelom (hemicoelom)
*Jointed limbs
*chitinous exoskeleton
*segmentation
*advanced mouth parts
*well developed sensory organs

1) Chelicerae=feed with chelicirae, pedipelps
2) crustaceans= branched limbs, 2 pairs antennae
3) Insecta=four sets of mouth parts, one pair of antennae and wings (some)

Front 12

Dinoflagellates

Back 12

*Algae (botany)
*Red tides

Front 13

Unsegmented

Back 13

*Molluscs
*Platyhelminthes
*Hemichordata
*Nematoda
*Rotifera
*Acoelomorpha

Front 14

Forams

Back 14

Calcium Carbonate

Front 15

Segmented

Back 15

*Arthropoda
*Annelida
*Chordata

Front 16

Nematoda

Back 16

*unsegmented
*pseudocoelomates
*move using hydrostatic skeleton

ex: trichenlla (parasite)

Front 17

Deuterostomes

Back 17

*blastophore becomes the anus

1) Echinodermata
2) Hemichordata
3) Chordata

Front 18

Pseudocoelomates

Back 18

*False body cavity (lined with mesoderm)

1) Rotifera
2) Nematoda

Front 19

Radial Symmetry

Back 19

*no distinct head, multiple planes of symmetry

1) cnidaria
2) ctenophora
3) adult echinioderms

Front 20

Chordata

Back 20

*Notochord, Hollow Dorsal Nerve Chord, Muscular post-anal tail, Pharyngeal slits

ex: Cephalochordates (lancelets)

Front 21

Sporozoans

Back 21

ex: Plasmodium

Front 22

Echinodermata

Back 22

*bony non-cellular
endoskeleton
*Larvae are bilaterally symmetric, adults are pentaradially symmetric
*entirely marine
*water vascular system
*feed using parapodia

1) Asteroidea=star fish, can eat bivalves using parapodia and everting stomach
2) Echinoidea=sea urchins, sand dollars

Front 23

Coelomates

Back 23

*body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

1) Arthropoda
2) Annelida
3) Chordata
4) Echinodermata
5) Hemichordata
6) Mollusca

Front 24

Flagellates

Back 24

*swing using flagellum
*can can produce and ingest thier own food
*big player in the food chain

Front 25

Ctenophoria

Back 25

*Acoelomates
*Radially Symmetric
*swim and feed using cilia

Front 26

Ecdysozoa

Back 26

*Grow by molting, shed cuticle or exoskeleton

1) Nematoda
2) Arthropoda

Front 27

Entamoeba

Back 27

Amoeba, causes Dysentary

Front 28

Giardia

Back 28

*very common parasite
*contaminated water
*flagellate

Front 29

Lophotrochozoa

Back 29

*Grow by incremental additions to their bodies
*Lophophore=special mouth part used to suspension feed (beating of cilia), not all have this

1) Rotifera
2) Platyhelminthes
3) Annelida
4) Mollusca

Front 30

Ciliates

Back 30

*often involved in freshwater plankton, we have lots of symbiotic relationships with ciliates

ex: Paramecium

Front 31

Trichomonas

Back 31

*flagellate
*commonly lives in vagina or mouth
*can be a STD

Front 32

Protostomes

Back 32

*Blastophore turns into mouth
*ALL are triploblastic and bilaterally symmetric

1) Annelids
2) Platyhelminthes
3) Molluscs
4) Arthropoda
5) Nematoda
6) Rotifers

Front 33

Acoelomates

Back 33

*lacking a coelom (body cavity)

1) Porifera
2) Cnidaria
3) Ctenophoria
4) Platyhelminthes
5) Acoelomorpha

Front 34

Plasmodium

Back 34

*a sporozoan that causes malaria
*changes protein coat often

Front 35

Paramecium

Back 35

*simple; a model organism
*a ciliate

Front 36

Trypanosoma

Back 36

*sleeping sickness
*large, moves with flagellum

Front 37

Porifera

Back 37

*asymmetric
*perforated sac
*entirely marine
*acoelomates
*parazoans
*feed using choanocytes

Front 38

Rotifera

Back 38

*feed and move using corona (cilia)
*Pseudocoelomates

Front 39

Osteichthyes

Back 39

*Bony Fishes, Ray-finned Fishes, Lobe-finned fishes (fleshy part at the base of the fin)
*External Fertilization
*Streamlined bodies, secrete mucus, Lateral line (sensory organ)
*Active vision and smell

Ex: Sea Bass, Eels, Perch, Sea Horses

Front 40

Reptilia

Back 40

*Scales
*Amniotic Egg
*More developed lungs than Amphibians
*Internal Fertilization

Ex: Turtles, Crocodiles, Snakes

Front 41

Mammalia

Back 41

*Hair/Fur
*Endothermy
*Mammory Glands
*Internal Fertilization
1)Monotremes (egg laying mammals)(Platypus, Echidna)
2)Marsupials
3)Eutherians (Placental)
4)Primates

Front 42

Amphibia

Back 42

*External Fertilization
*Metamorphesis
*Exchange gas through skin, secrete mucus
Ex: Toads, Frogs, Salamanders, Caecillians (Leg-less amphibians)

Front 43

Chondrichthyes

Back 43

*Cartilagenous Fishes
*Sharks, Rays
*Internal Fertilization

Front 44

Osteichthyes

Back 44

*Bony Fishes, Ray-finned Fishes, Lobe-finned fishes (fleshy part at the base of the fin)
*External Fertilization
*Streamlined bodies, secrete mucus, Lateral line (sensory organ)
*Active vision and smell

Ex: Sea Bass, Eels, Perch, Sea Horses

Front 45

Reptilia

Back 45

*Scales
*Amniotic Egg
*More developed lungs than Amphibians
*Internal Fertilization

Ex: Turtles, Crocodiles, Snakes

Front 46

Mammalia

Back 46

*Hair/Fur
*Endothermy
*Mammory Glands
*Internal Fertilization
1)Monotremes (egg laying mammals)(Platypus, Echidna)
2)Marsupials
3)Eutherians (Placental)
4)Primates

Front 47

Amphibia

Back 47

*External Fertilization
*Metamorphesis
*Exchange gas through skin, secrete mucus
Ex: Toads, Frogs, Salamanders, Caecillians (Leg-less amphibians)

Front 48

Chondrichthyes

Back 48

*Cartilagenous Fishes
*Sharks, Rays
*Internal Fertilization