Biology 233 Lecture 12

Front 1

What are the four patterns of fascicle organization?

Back 1

Parallel, Convergent, Pennate & Circular

Front 2

Parallel muscles are made up of two myofilaments, they are?

Back 2

Thin - Actin & Thick - Myosin

Front 3

Parallel muscle fascicles are parallel to the what?

Back 3

Axis of the muscle

Front 4

A convergent muscle is a broad area that converges on attachment sites, such as?

Back 4

Tendon, Aponeruosis, & Raphe

Front 5

Convergent muscle fibers pull in different directions, depending on stimulation and example can be found in which muscle?

Back 5

Pectoralis

Front 6

What are the characteristics of a pennate muscle?

Back 6

Form an angle with the tend, do not move as far, contain more myofibrils and develop more tension than a parallel muscle

Front 7

The different forms of pennate muscles are:

Back 7

Unipennate - Fibers on one side of tendon

Bipennate - Fibers on both sides of tendon

Multipennate - Tendon branches within muscle

Front 8

An example of a unipennate muscle is?

Back 8

Extensor digitorum (top of forearm)

Front 9

An example of a bipennate muscle is?

Back 9

Rectus femoris

Front 10

An example of mulitpennate muscle is?

Back 10

Deltoid

Front 11

Levers: Skeletal Motion

Back 11

1) Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion.

2) Type of muscle attachment affects power, range and speed of muscle movement.

Front 12

Levers: Mechanically, each bone is a lever.

Back 12

1) A rigid, moving structure

2) each joint has a fulcrum - A fixed point

Front 13

Levers: Muscles provide applied force (AF)

Back 13

1) Required to overcome load or resistance

Front 14

Levers: Function of a lever is to change

Back 14

1) Direction of an applied force

2) Distance and speed of movement produced by an applied force

3)Effective strength of an applied force

Front 15

First-class lever

Back 15

1) Center fulcrum between applied force and load

2) Force and load are balanced

(Seesaw)

Front 16

Second-class lever

Back 16

1) The load is centered between AF (applied force) & F (Fulcrum)

2) A small force moves a large weight

(Wheelbarrow)

Front 17

Third-class lever

Back 17

1) Most common levers in the body

2) Center the AF between load and Fulcrum

3) Greater force moves smaller resistance

4) Maximizes speed and distance traveled

Front 18

Muscles have one fixed point of attachment it's known as the?

Back 18

Origin

Front 19

Muscles have one moving point of attachment known as the?

Back 19

Insertion

Front 20

Origin of a muscle is usually proximal to insertion this means that it's what?

Back 20

Toward or closer to point of attachment

Front 21

Muscle attachment action:

Back 21

1) Movements produces by muscle contraction

2) Body movements

3) Described in terms of bone, joint, or region

Front 22

Muscle attachment interactions:

Back 22

1) Muscles work in groups to maximize efficiency

2) Smaller muscles reach maximum tension first, followed by larger, primary muscles

Front 23

What does muscle opposition mean?

Back 23

Agonists and antagonists work in pairs when:

One contracts, the other stretches

Front 24

All muscle names have the word "muscle" after it except for?

Back 24

Platysma & Diaphragm

Front 25

Six descriptive names for skeletal muscles

Back 25

1) Location in the body

2) Origin & Insertion

3) Fascicle organization

4) Relative position

5) Structural Characteristics

6) Action

Front 26

Relative position of externus or superficial is?

Back 26

Visible at body surface

Front 27

Relative position of Internus or Profundus

Back 27

Deep muscles

Front 28

Relative position of Extrinsic is?

Back 28

Muscles outside an organ

Front 29

Relative position of Intrinsic is?

Back 29

Muscles inside an organ