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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy describes the structures of the body |
What they are made of Where they are located Associated structures |
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Physiology is the study of |
Functions of anatomical structures Individual and cooperative funcitons |
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Gross Anatomy, or macroscopic anatomy examines |
Large, visible structures |
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Surface Anatomy |
Exterior Features |
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Regional Anatomy |
Body Areas |
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Systemic Anatomy |
Groups of organs working together Respiratory and cardiovascular systems |
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Developmental Anatomy |
From egg (embryology) to maturity |
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Clinical Anatomy |
Medical Specialties |
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Microscopic Structure |
Examines cells & molecules |
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Histology |
Hist - tissue |
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Cytology |
Cyt - cell Cells and their structures |
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Comparative anatomy |
Similarities and differences among species |
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Cell physiology |
Processes within and between cells |
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Special physiology |
Functions of specific organs |
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Systemic physiology |
Functions of an organ system |
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Pathological physiology |
Effects of diseases |
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Atoms |
The smallest chemical units |
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Molecules |
Group of atoms working together |
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Organelles |
Group of molecules working together |
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Cells |
Group of organelles working together |
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Tissues |
Group of similar cells working together |
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Organs |
Group of different tissues working together |
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Organ systems |
Group of organs working together |
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Organism |
An individual |
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Cells are the basic units of life the two organisms are? |
Unicellular organisms |
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Homeostasis |
All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment |
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Aqueous internal environment |
Extracellular fluid – fluid portion of blood (plasma) Interstitial fluid – surrounds all cells |
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Each body system contributes to homeostasis, maintaining a |
“within-body” environment in which the body cells can survive and function |
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Intrinsic controls – inherent to an organ |
Autoregulation is the automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ Exercising muscles O2 and CO2 |
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Extrinsic controls – regulatory mechanisms initiated outside the organ |
Responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems |
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Maintaining Homeostasis Negative feedback |
Change in a controlled variable triggers a response that opposes a change, driving the variable in the opposite direction of the initial change |
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Maintaining Homeostasis Positive Feedback |
Less frequent than negative feedback Negative feedback is designed to resist change (to keep homeostasis), but in positive feedback the output is continually enhanced |
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Systems Integration |
Systems work together to maintain homeostasis Homeostasis is a state of equilibrium Physiological systems work to restore balance |
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Homeostasis Disruptions |
May lead to illness and death If 1 (or more) body systems fail to function properly, homeostasis is disrupted Pathophysiological states may follow |
