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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endomembrane system
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is a dynamic, integrated network of internal membranes within the cell, but also include the cell membrane (plasma membrane)
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Components of the endomembrane system
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outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, gogli apparatus, secretory granules, transport and shuttle vesicles, plasma membrane, ER (smooth and rough), lysosomes, endosomes, various other vesicles and vacuoles, and peroxisomes
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peroxisomes
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a cell organelle containing enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide
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RME
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis... uptake of specific molecules from the external environment / ECF; mediated by cell membrane and receptors & cytosolic proteins; coated vesicles are formed
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Bulk-phase endocytosis
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pinocytosis; nonspecific uptake of molecules from the ECF occurs almost continually in most cells; helps control cell volume and surface area
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Phagocytosis
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involves actin-myosin based contractile activities of the cytoskeleton
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
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a typically tubular interconnecting pipeline system that curves through the cytosol, and no attached ribosomes. Principal functions:
1. membrane biogenesis (synthesis of fatty acids, phopholipids, and cholesterol) 2. Carbohydrate metabolism 3. Steroid hormone biosynthesis in endocrine cells of gonads and adrenal cortex 4. Detoxification of drugs and poisons and other organic compounds in the liver 5. Sequestration of Ca 2+ ions (release into the cytosol triggers many specific cell activities) |
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Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
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An integral membrane protein of the SER and is important in a key step in the pathway to cholesterol biosynthesis
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Glucose-6-phosphatase
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a transmembrane protein of the SER with its active site on the lumen side. It hydrolyzes the removal of phosphate from G6P to generate free Glc and inorganic phosphate.
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ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum golgi intermediate compartment)
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Once materials are ready for transport to the Golgi transport vesicles bud from the RER. Th ERGIC is the region in which these transport vesicles fuse
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VTCs vesicular-tubular clusters
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vesicular-tubular clusters that form in the region between the ER and the Golgi complex (ERGIC)
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Golgi complex
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Consists of flattened, disk-like membranous cisternae with dilated rims and associated vesicles and tubules. The cisternae are arranged in an orderly stack and are curved with the convex cis-face towards the ER and the concave trans-face towards the plasma membrane
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TGN
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Trans golgi network: sorting station where proteins are placed into different vesicle types destined for either the plasma membrane or other locations in the cell
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CGN
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cis Golgi-network: it and the ERGIC mostly a sorting station where some proteins are sent on to the golgi and others are returned to the ER
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Glucose-6-phosphate
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Is a transmembrane protein of the SER with its active site on the lumenal side. This enzyme hydrolyzes the removal of phosphate from G6P to generate free Glc and inorganic phosphate. Note: this is part of carbohydrate metabolism, which occurs in the hepatocytes in the liver and epithelial cells of the small intestine and kidney
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Cytochrome p450 family of mixed-function oxidases
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these enzymes catalyze the addition of hydroxyl groups (-OH) to many xenobiotics, making them more soluble and thus easier to excrete from the body
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Sequestration of Ca 2+ ions
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Is a primary function of the SER: release into cytosol triggers many specific cell activities
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Pulse-Chase experiment
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Conducted by Palade and Jamieson: slices of pancreatic material were incubated in a solution contain radioactive amino acids for a brief period of time, before they were washed free of excess isotope and transfered to a medium containing only unstable amino acids
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
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extensive organelle consisting of interconnected flattened sacs (cisternal compartments, cisternae, rather than the tubular compartments typical of SER) with attached ribosomes at the p-face, and continuous with outer membrane of nuclear envelope
Principal functions: 1. membrane biogenesis (phospholipid synthesis and membrane protein biosynthesis) 2. carbohydrate metabolism 3. Synthesis of integral membrane proteins, soluble proteins that will reside within members of the endomembrane system, and proteins destined for secretion 2. |
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Housekeeping receptors
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many different cells would have and they like to reuse and recycle them. Often recycled back to the plasma membrane
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Housekeeping receptors
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many different cells would have and they like to reuse and recycle them. Often recycled back to the plasma membrane
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