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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetic diversity |
Total genetic information contained within all individuals of a species |
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How many species are on the planet? |
10-30 million. We've discovered 2 million. |
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Most species descending order? |
Insects, animals, plants. |
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species diversity: |
both the number of species in an environment, and the relative distribution of individuals among species. |
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As the number of species on an island increase, |
immigration decreases, extinction increases. |
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Endemic species: |
found only in one area. |
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Bird decline causes: |
pollution, over exploitation, invasive species, climate change, habitat loss and fragmentation. |
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bird decline pollution: |
pesticides, oil spill, lead poisoning (birds of prey susceptible) |
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bird decline overexploitation |
hunting, pet trade, commercial uses. aka harvesting |
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birde decline invasive species |
birds imported, or compete. |
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bird decline climate change |
temporal breeding, migration |
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bird decline habitat loss |
habitats too small, can't dispersal, genetic consequences, edge effects. |
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edge effects: |
wind, temperature, humidity, fires, predators, invasive species, brood paratisim |
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ecosystem |
community of organisms and the physical and chemical interactions they have with the environment. (consist of abiotic and biotic components.) |
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two factors ecosystem ecology |
flow of energy and cycling of nutrients |
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ecosystem flow |
nutrients recycled, energy cannot, leaves. |
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ecosystem productivity |
amount of biomass added to a system during a given period of time by plants in system. is a rate. |
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what determines productivity? |
temp, water, nutrients, sunlight. The amount of photosynthesis that can be done. |
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decreasing insolation(less solar radiation) |
less productivity |
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decreasing moisture |
decreasing productivity |
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Where a river reaches the ocean? |
estuary |
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neritic zone |
part of ocean floor, shallow, receives sunlight |
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ecosystem productivity |
amount of biomass added to a system over a given period of time by the plants in that system |
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biomass |
organic matter produced by plants, total dry weight of plants and animals in a system |
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biomass x productivity |
biomass and productivity are usually positively correlate. Except in some cases like estuaries. There is a high turnover, where the productivity is extremely high, but not much biomass is produced eg phytoplankton. |
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how much npp used by humans? |
20% also we reduce npp by converting forests, grasslands, agriculture, etc. Causes biodiversity decline. |
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secondary production |
new biomass made by consumer, that spread to next trophic level |
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NPP |
amount of energy available to consumers. GPP - respiration. |
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Nitrogen important for |
amino acids/proteins nucleic acids in DNA/RNA |
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Nitrogen fixation |
N2 ->NH4 gas to ammonium, converted by bacteria for plants. Atmposphere to land |
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nitrification |
ammonium not used by plants converts ammonia->no2 nitrite(acidic) -> no3nitrate land to plants, assimilate |
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decomposition |
nitrogen returns to soil, turns to nh3 mineralization/ammonification |
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denitrification |
nitrate-> n2, n2o leave soil to atmosphere, completes cycle |
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Nitrogen cycle ideas |
most gets recycled, rather than cycle through atmosphere Humans fix a lot of nitrogen: industiral produced fertilizers, crops with fixing bacteria, burning fossil fuels |
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good and bad more nitrogen |
increase agricultural productivity, feeds people bad: pollution of drinking water, aquatic habitats changes species composition increase amount of nitrogen gas produced. |
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nitrogen pollution |
blue baby syndrome eutrophication: water body becomes too productive, leaves little oxygen for sustainability. |
