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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a polysaccharide found only in bacteria, has modified monosaccharide |
peptidoglycan |
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1 - 4 glycosidic linkage of glucose |
amylose |
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simplest starch *UNBRANCHED |
amylose |
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carbs serve as ____ & _____ |
fuel , building material |
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carbohydrates include ____ & polymers of sugar |
sugars |
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sugars typically have how many carbons |
3-7 |
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most common monosaccharide & formula |
glucose ( C6H12O6 ) |
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monosaccharides are classified by (2) |
1. location of carbonyl group ( aldose vs ketose ) 2. # of carbons in carbon skeleton |
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a _______ is formed when a DEHYDRATION rxn joins 2 monosaccharides |
disaccharide |
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what is the COVALENT BOND between two monosaccharides ? |
GLYCOSIDIC LINKAGE :) |
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glucose + fructose = |
sucrose |
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glucose + glucose = |
maltose |
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glucose + galactose = |
lactose |
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what type of sugar is recognized? |
D sugars |
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polysaccharides have _____ & ______ roles |
storage , structural |
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architecture & fxn of polysaccharide are determined by its 1. 2. |
sugar monomers 2. positions of glyscosidic linkages |
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what 2 things do polysaccharides do? |
stores glucose forms structures inside cell |
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a storage polysaccharide of plants , made entirely of glucose monomers |
starch |
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a type of starch that has some branching ( 1-6 ) glycosidic linkage |
amylopectin
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main difference between glycogen & starch? |
glycogen is EXTREMELY BRANCHED . |
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storage polysaccharide in animals
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glycogen |
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glycogen is stored mainly in _____ & ______ cells |
liver , muscle |
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T or F hydrolysis of glycogen in cells releases glucose when demand for sugar increases |
T |
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a structural polysaccharide that is a major component of the tough wall of plant cells |
cellulose |
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What is the main difference between starch ( storage ) & cellulose ( structural ) |
starch = alpha linkages ~ BELOW cellulose = beta linkages ~ ABOVE * differs in position of hydroxyl |
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In sugar polymers, can we digest beta? |
no |
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T or F some hydroxyl groups on monomers of cellulose can hydrogen bond w/ hydroxyls of parallel cellulose molecules |
T |
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starch ( alpha config ) = helical? cellulose ( Beta ) = straight & unbranched T or F |
T |
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a structural polysaccharide found in exoskeleton of arthropods --> provides structural support for cell walls of many fungi |
chitin ( BETA GLUCOSE ) |
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3 biologically important lipids |
fats
phospholipids steroids
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fats are constructed from |
glycerol & fatty acids |
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_________ is a 3 carbon alcohol w/ hydroxyl group attached to each carbon |
glycerol |
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_____ has a carboxyl group attached to a long carbon skeleton |
fatty acid |
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plant fats & fish fats are usually |
unsaturated |
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hydrogenating vegetale oils creates ______ (sat or unsaturated) fats w/ ______ double bonds |
unsaturated , trans |
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major fx of fats? |
energy storage |
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purpose of adipose tissue? |
cushions vital organs & insulates body |
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has 2 fatty acids & a phosphate group attached to glycerol |
phospholipid |
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are phospholipids amphiphatic? |
yes |
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lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton that has 4 fused rings |
steroids |
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component in animal cell membranes & precursor from which other steroids are synthesized |
cholesterol |
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- fatty acid w/ closed structure in middle - present in all cells - many fxns |
prostate glandins |
