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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organic
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A type of molecule that contains carbon and is relatively complex. They tend to be found in living organisms.
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theory of vitalism
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The theory that living organisms have a "vital force" that allows them to be alive and create organic molecules.
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molecular biology
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The study of the molecules that make up living things.
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urea
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An organic compound in human urine. It was initially believed that it could only be created in living organisms because the vital force was needed to make it. However, in 1828, Friedrich Wohler synthesised it artificially.
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Synthesise
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to bring compounds together to make a more complex compound.
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Atom
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A single particle of an element, consisting of a positively changed nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.
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Molecule
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A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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Compound
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A molecule that contains two or more elements (different types of atom).
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Intermolecular forces
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The weaker bonds that form between molecules.
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Ion
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an atom that has gained or lost an electron, giving it a negative or positive charge, respectively.
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Catalyse
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To speed up or control the rate of reaction
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Catalyst
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A substance that catalyses a reaction
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Enzyme
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A protein that acts as a catalyst
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Metabolic pathway
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A series of chemical reactions, where the product of one reaction becomes the reactant for the next
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Reactant
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A compound or substance that can undergo a chemical reaction
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Product
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A compound or substance produced by a chemical reaction
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Anabolism
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The synthesis of macromolecules from monomers (usually condensation reaction)
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Macromolecule
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A very large molecule made of smaller molecules (called monomers) joined together.
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Catabolism
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The breakdown of macromolecules into monomers (usually hydrolysis reaction).
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Metabolism
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All the enzyme catalysed reactions in a cell or organism.
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Monomer
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A molecule that can be joined to more of its kind to form a chain called a polymer.
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Polymer
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A chain of monomers linked together by covalent bonds.
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Polymerisation
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Many monomers joining together to form a polymer. A form of anabolism.
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Hydrolysis
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A type of reaction where water is required to break macromolecules into their component monomers. A form of catabolism.
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Digestion
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The catabolism of macromolecules in your food so that the monomers can be absorbed into your blood. Occurs in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. Is an example of hydrolysis reaction.
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Hydrolysing enzyme
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An enzyme that catabolises macromolecules into monomers by catalysing a hydrolysis reaction.
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Condensation
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An anabolic reaction that produces water in the process.
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