Biology 202 Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction And Biotechnology

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FERTILIZATION

Back 1

the union of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

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RECEPTACLE

Back 2

the base of a flower; the part of a the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs

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OVULE

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a structure taht develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte

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PISTIL

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a single carpel or a group of fused carpels

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COMPLETE FLOWER

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a flower that has all four basic floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens and carpels

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INCOMPLETE FLOWER

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a flower in which one or more of the four basic floral organs are either absent or nonfunctional

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INFLORESCENCE

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a group of flowers tightly clustered together

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POLLEN TUBE

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a tube formed after germination of the pollen grain that functions in the delivery of sperm to the ovule

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DORMANCY

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a condition typified by extremely low metabolic rate and a suspension of growth and development

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SEED COAT

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a tough outer covering of a seed, formed from the outer coat of an ovule; in a flowering plant, the seed coat encloses and protects the embryo and endosperm

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HYPOCOTYL

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in an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis below the point of attachment of the cotyledon and above the radicle

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RADICLE

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an embryonic root of a plant

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EPICOTYL

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in an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis above the point of attachment of the cotyledon and below the first pair of miniature leaves

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COLEOPTILE

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the covering of the young shoot of the embryo of a grass seed

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COLEORHIZA

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the covering of the young root of the embryo of a grass seed

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IMBIBITION

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the physical adsorption of water onto the internal surfaces of structures

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SIMPLE FRUIT

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a fruit derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels

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AGGREGATE FRUIT

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a fruit derived from a single flower that has more than one carpel

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MULTIPLE FRUIT

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a fruit derived from an inflorescence, a group of flowers tightly clustered together

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ACCESSORY FRUIT

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a fruit, or assemblage of fruits, in which the fleshy parts are derived largely or entirely from tissues other than the ovary

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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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the generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes

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FRAGMENTATION

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a means of asexual reproduction, whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals

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APOMIXIS

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the ability of some plant species to reproduce asexually through seeds without fertilization by a male gametophyte

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VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION

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cloning of plants by asexual means

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DIOECIUS

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in plant biology, having the male and female reproductive parts on different individuals of the same species

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SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY

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the ability of a seed plant to reject its own pollen and sometimes the pollen of closely related individuals

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CALLUS

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a mass of dividing, undifferentiated cells at the cut end of a shoot

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STOCK

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the plant that provides the root system when making a graft

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SCION

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the twig grafted onto the stock when making graft

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TRANSGENIC

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pertaining to an organism whose genome contains a gene introduced from another organism of the same or a different species

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PROTOPLAST FUSION

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the fusing of two protoplasts from different plant species that would otherwise be reproductively incompatible