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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are chemical messengers in plants?
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Hormones
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What are the 5 hormones in plants?
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1) Gibberelins
2) Auxins 3) Cytokinesis 4) Absorbic Acid 5) Ethylene |
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What does Gibberelin do?
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Activate in seed, stimulate cell to divide, seedling growth increase, stems/ shoots only, not the roots, fruit growth Ex. Seedless grape
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What does Auxin do?
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Made in the apical meristems of the shoots, travels down, cell elongation and plants get longer, inhibit lateral buds, gets skinnier
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How does round up work?
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Synthetic auxin, triggering elongation, grow too fast, split, and die, bio degrades quickly, acts only on plant cells
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What does Cytokinen do?
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Produced in growing tissues, roots, embryos, fruits, triggers cell division, moves up in xylem, counter acts inhibition of lateral branches by auxin
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An pine tree is?
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Auxin dominant
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An oak tree is?
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Cytokinen dominant
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What is added to flowers when they are cut to make them last longer?
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Cytokinen
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What does abscisic acid do?
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Helps plants with stress and go dormant, terminal buds- slow growth, protective scales still grow over buds, inhibit growth in vascular cambian, accumulate in the leaves- cope with dessication by closing stomata
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What does ethylene do?
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Diffuse through space cells, aging process, ripening of fruit- helps degrade chlorophyll, leaves, ripening of fruit in market, fruit picked green, easy to ship, market exposes fruit to ethylene gas-> ripens fruit in market, promotes leaf abscission drop leaves in winter
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Ethylene gas can Also weaken and degrade?
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Degrades chlorophyll and degrades abscission layer
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Growth Response =?
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Tropism
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Growth in response to light?
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Phototropism
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Growth in response to gravity, roots down and shoots up?
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Gravitropism
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Growth in response to touch?
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Thigmotropism
ex. Vines attach around things |
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What does Jack Horner do?
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Paleontologist- reverse control genes, chicken -> Dinosaur
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A group of cells to specialize for specific function =?
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Tissue
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A group of specialized tissue is?
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Organ
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Group of organs makes up the?
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Organ system
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4 Basic Types of Tissue In the Body?
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1) Epithelial Tissue
2) Connective Tissue 3) Nervous Tissue 4) Muscle Tissue |
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Surfaces, lining of gut, reproductive organs, barrier that keeps pathogens out and moisture in, structure- surface of organs, derived from embryonic ectoderm and endoderm
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Epithelial Tissue
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Binds tissues and organs together, loosely packed cells in the extra cellular matrix, adipose tissue, and blood cells?
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Connective Tissue
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What type of cells make up bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, adipose cells, and blood cells?
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Connective Tissue
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Sense response electrical system, neurons= nerve cells + glial cells (support cells)?
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Nervous Tissue
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Traction fibers and motion?
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Muscle Tissue
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Getting and processing energy, using energy for growth, behavior, metabolism, and reproduction
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Bioenergetics
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The total amount of energy must equal?
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Energy needs
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Energy is measured in?
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K cal/ day
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Maintain constant internal body temperature?
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Endotherms
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Birds and mammals are and example of?
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Endotherms
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Body temperature varies with outside conditions?
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Ectotherms
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Invertebrates, most fish, amphibians, and most reptiles are examples of?
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Ectotherms
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How much energy is needed to maintain body at rest, not digesting food?
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Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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How much is the male BMR?
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1600 ~ 1800 kcal/ day
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How much is the female BMR?
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1300 ~ 1500 kcal/ day
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What happens to any energy above the BMR rate?
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Used for activity, growth, preproduction, or storage
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Little animals have?
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Higher BMR then big animals
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Maintaining constant internal environment?
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Homeostasis
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What are two big regulators of homeostasis?
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Nerves and Hormones (chemical messengers)
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Groupers?
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Change sex with size or age
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Wrasses?
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Change sex under social control
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Lots of yolk?
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Takes a lot more time to divide
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What turns genes on or off?
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Chemical Signals
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Nematode?
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Chaenochabdites elegans
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Testes =?
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Ovaries
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Tip of penis =?
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Clitoris
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Shaft of penis =?
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Labia minora
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Scrotum =?
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Labia major
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What is a yellow body that produces hormones?
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Corpus luteum
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How long is the menstral cycle?
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28 days
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What produces hormones?
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Endocrine gland
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Where is the pituitary gland?
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In the brain
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What secretes the FSH?
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Pituitary gland
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What produces estrogen?
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Ovary
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What is in the pituitary, that triggers burst of FSH which leads to the bursting of lutenizing hormone -> uterus -> starts developing in endometrium?
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Estrogen
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Secreted by the fetus when ready for birth causes mothers pituitary to release more, causes uterine muscles to contract, cervix muscles to relax, labor, birth?
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Oxytocin
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What triggers mammary gland to make milk?
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Prolactin
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Triggers more oxytocin, to release milk?
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Suckling
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Eggs harvested by laparoscopic surgery?
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Invitro Fertilization
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When an electric signal goes around egg and changes the receptor?
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Fast block
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Cartical granuetes burst, releases contents into perivil space?
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Slow block
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Fertilized egg =?
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Zygote
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When the differentiation starts with first division, irreversible step? cells die
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Protostomes
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Differentiation can be reversed? cells can become any other cell
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Deuterostomes
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