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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF EVOLUTION
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1. homolgoud structures
2. analogous structures 3. fossil record 4.biogeography 5. similar envirmental islands 6.biochemical |
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homologous structures
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universal gene
-material shared by very diverse organisms |
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molecular homologies
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similar or same type gene in different organisms
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comparative embryology
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tails, pharangeal pouches, ect.
comparing embryos of different organisms and finding similarities between them |
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vestigial structures
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-parts of our body that were once needed, but now have little use and are slowly becoming obsolete
- pinky toe, appendix |
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analagous structures
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(convergent evolution)
ie marine animals-animals that have the same function but different structure ie. butterfly/bird |
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fossil record
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classic initial evidence that support darwinian evolution
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biogeography
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closely related in same geographical area of different ancestors--> different continents--> same habitat--> similar appearance
ostrich, emu, rhea |
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similar islands
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sland of similar environments in different regions have species closer to mainland species than each other
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biochemical
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blood type, proteins, DNA
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evolution of populations
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“Individuals do not evolve, populations do”
unless there is some mutation in the individual they will not produce changed offspring |
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MICROEVOLUTION
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genetic change in a population from generation to generation.
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microevolution
due to |
changes in allele frequency caused by:
mutations, natural selection, gene flow, Genetic Drift |
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genetic drift
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natural change or frequency due to natural effects (droughts, plagues..
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population
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a group of organisms of the same species occupying a given area
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gene pool
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all the genes in a population, consists of all alleles (alternate forms of a gene) at all gene loc
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hardy weinburg theorem
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- to keep population the same with no evolution
“genetic equilibrium” is preserved in a non evolving population if: NO GENETIC DRIFT, no gene flow, no mutations, random mating, no natural selection |
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genetic drift
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due to chance fluctuations in allele frequencies, especially in small populationsaa random change in allele freq.(ex. coin flips) the number of “T” oppose to “t” in offspring - the change can occur by chance- flipping a coin a few times will not necessarily be equal, while in a large amount the frequency will be more even.
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gene flow
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gene transfer between populations(no immigration or migration
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no mutations
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only source of new alleles/genes
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random mating
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ex. big deer only get to mate. in this idea all male deer will mate with different does.
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no natural selection
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no selective advantages of genotype
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genetic equilibrium occurance...
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almost never occurs in matural populations
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point of hardy weingburg theory
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-Used as a theoretical starting point to monitor changes in allele frequencies(microevolution)
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