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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The atomic number of an element is equal to its what?
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atomic number = to protons and electrons example: the element has an atomic number 15, it has 15 protons and 15 electrons |
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Which bond shares electrons equally?
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nonpolar covalent
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What are electrons in the outer shell at their highest energy level called?
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valence electrons
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How many valence electrons does this element have? |
3 valence electrons |
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What is the clinging of one molecule to another substance? |
adhesion |
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What causes cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension of water? |
hydrogen bonds |
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What is a monomer/polymer combination? |
amino acids - proteins |
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What is the jellylike fluid in the cell? |
Cytosol |
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What sugar makes up DNA? |
deoxyribose |
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What sugar makes up RNA? |
ribose |
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What type of proteins penetrate the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer? |
intergal proteins |
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What type of proteins are loosely bound to the surface of the membrane? |
peripheral |
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An active transport protein in a cell membrane that uses ATP to transport hydrogen ions out of a cell against their concentration gradient, generating a membrane potential in the process is a _____________ . |
Proton Pump |
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Which cannot pass through the plasma membrane? |
hydrogen ion (H+) |
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What do aquaporins transport into and out of the cell? |
Water |
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Know how to label the plasma membrane cell membrane. |
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What is ^G for an endergonic reaction? |
positive |
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The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start is known as___________ . |
activation energy |
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The formation of ATP by an enzyme directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism is________ . |
substrate-level phosphorylation |
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What is the last electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? |
oxygen |
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________ cannot survive in the presence of oxygen and can only carry out anaerobic respiration. |
obligate anaerobes |
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________ can make enough ATP with or without oxygen. |
facultative anaerobes |
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Which is not a phase of the Calvin cycle? |
oxidative phosphorylation |
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Which type of inhibitor is this? |
competitive |
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Which type of inhibitor is this? |
non-competitive |
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What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? |
aerobic- uses oxygen anaerobic- does not use oxygen |
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What are the colors of the visible spectrum in order? |
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet (hint: roygbiv) |
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Which of the following is the correct checkpoint and description combination? |
M- determines if the chromosomes are lined up in the middle before beginning anaphase |
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What is the process where crowed cells stop diving? |
density-dependent inhibition |
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Why is meiosis necessary? |
to get half the number of chromosomes in the sex cells |
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What is incomplete dominance? |
a condition where neither trait is completely dominant but the heterozygote is a mixture of the two |
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What is the correct symbol for a normal male? |
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What superscript is added to the symbol for wild type fruit flies? |
+ |
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What is trisomy? |
extra chromosome |
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Know the types of chromosomal structure alteration such as: duplication, inversion, translocation, and deletion |
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Label the following |
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Label the following: G1,M,G2,S |
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Who determined that there are equal amounts of thymine to adenine and guanine to cytosine? |
Chargaff |
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Which are pyrimidines? |
cytosine and thymine |
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A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex is the_______ . |
TATA box |
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______________ are the noncoding segments of DNA |
introns |
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______________ are the coding segments of DNA |
exons |
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The manipulation of organisms or their components to make useful products is__________. |
biotechnology |
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What is the charge of DNA? |
negative |
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Which gene is thought to function as vocalization in vertebrates? |
FOXP2 |
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Hox genes control ____________ development. |
animal |
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Mad-box genes control ____________ development.
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plant |
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What is the synthesis of the protein from mRNA. |
translation |
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Know how to label the zipper protein |
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Know how to find the amino acid sequence for a DNA sequence. Hint: T-A : A-U : G-C |
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