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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Law of Dominance |
In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation. |
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The Law of segregation |
Only one of the two gene copies present in an organism is distributed to each gamete (egg or sperm cell) that it makes, and the allocation of the gene copies is random. |
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The Law of Independent Assorment |
States that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. |
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Genotype |
The genes present in the DANA of an organism. |
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Alleles |
alternative forms of the same gene. Alleles for a trait are located at corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes. |
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Phenotype |
how the trait physically shows-up in the organism. |
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Working Hyphotesis |
The big idea regarding a scientific phenomenon. |
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Hyphotesis |
Specific prediction based on the working hypothesis. |
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The “blending” working hypothesis |
The idea that genetic material from the two parents blends together |
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The “particulate” working hypothesis |
The idea that parents pass on discrete heritable units |
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True-Breeding organisms |
genetically identical and have identical alleles for specified traits. The alleles for these type of organisms are homozygous. |
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Monohybrid Cross |
A genetic cross between parents that differ in the alleles they possess for one particular gene, one parent having two dominant alleles and the other two recessives. |
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Dihybrid Cross |
a cross between two different lines (varieties, strains) that differ in two observed traits. |
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Which steps of meiosis underlie the law of segregation? |
Anaphase I |
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Why did Mendel use the common garden pea plant for his experiment? |
Mendel chose the pea flower because they are many varieties, have short generation time and large number of offspring from each mating. |
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How did Mendel test the predictions of the law of independent assortment? |
By following two characters at the same time, such as seed color and seed shape. |
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Why is it important to study fossils? |
because it gives us a glimpse of some of the organisms that populated Earth at the time that layer formed. |
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What are the two principles in Lamark's Hyphotesis of Evolution? |
Two principles: Use and diuse- the idea that body parts that are used a lot become larger and stronger, vice versa. Inheritance of aquired characteristics: an organism could pass these modifications to its offspring |
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Which patterns were observed when scientists studied fossils across strata? |
Cuvier noted that the older the stratum, the more dissimilar its fossils were to current life-forms. |
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Which working hypothesis was put forward by Cuvier to explain these patterns? |
Catastrophism was the theory that the Earth had largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope. |
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Which working hypothesis was put forward by Hutton to explain fossil patterns? |
He proposed that the Earth's geological features could be explained by gradual mechanisms, such as valleys being formed by rivers. |
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Which working hypothesis was put forward by Lyell to explain fossil patterns? |
Stated that the same geologic processes that Hutton stated are operating today as in the past, and at the same rate. |
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Darwin's Theory of evolution |
Darwin proposed that descent with modification (evolution) explains the observable patterns of life |
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Natural selection |
a process in which individuals that have certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals because of those traits. |
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How did the voyage in the Beagle help develop Darwin’s ideas on evolution by natural selection? |
He observed adaptations to the environment in animals and plants. |
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Which observations and inferences were used by Darwin to base his arguments behind evolution by natural selection? |
He dug up fossils of gigantic extinct mammals, such as the ground sloth. This was hard evidence that organisms looked very different in the past. It suggested that living things—like Earth’s surface—change over time. |
