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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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29 Many organelles are evolved via...? |
Endosymbiosis- between an ancestral eukaryote and a bacterial cell |
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Brown Algae engulfed what resulting in what? |
red algae/endosymbiosis |
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have...? |
have DNA inside it because they use to be there own independent organisms. Also have a double membrane. |
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Cysts |
Protists that cant stand unfavorable environmental conditions form these. They are dormant forms with resistant outer coverings. |
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Flagella |
one or more used to propel through water |
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Cilia |
shorter and more numerous than flagella;used for feeding or propulsion |
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Pseudopodia |
("false feet")---extensions of the cells body |
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Phototrophs |
photosynthetic; autotrophs |
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Heterotrophs |
obtain energy from organic molecules synthesized by other organisms |
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Mixotrophs |
are both phototrophic and heterotrophic |
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Budding |
one daughter cell smaller then grows to adult size |
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Supergroup Excavata |
Diplomonads, Parabasalids and Euglenozoans. |
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Giardia |
is an intestinal parasite that passes from human to human in contaminated water and causes diarrhea. Has two nucleus. |
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Parabasalids |
some live in the stomach of termites |
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Trichomonas vaginalis |
causes an STD in humans |
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Euglenozoa Pellicle |
tough outer covering |
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Euglenozoa |
have free-living forms (euglena) and parasitic forms |
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Reservoir |
Flagella attached at a base shaped opening |
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Contractile Vacuoles |
collect and expel excess water; used in water balance |
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Stigma |
helps organism move towards light |
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African sleeping sickness |
(trypanosomes) transmitted by tsetse fly; causes lethargy and fatigue |
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Leishmaniasis |
transmitted by sand fly;causes skin sores and can affect internal organs |
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Chagas Disease |
skin contract with urine or feces of infected wild animal; also transmitted by blood transfusion; causes cardiac and digestive problems |
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Apical complex |
is a unique arrangement of organelles at one end of the cell that enables the parasite to invade its host |
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Plasmodium |
Causes malaria |
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Taxoplasma |
causes infections in humans with immunosuppression |
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Micronucleus |
needed for sexual reproduction |
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Macronucleus |
divide by mitosis; essential for function of cilliates |
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Food vacuoles |
digestion of food using enzymes |
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Haplodiplontic |
contains both multicellular diploid and multicellular haploid phases |
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Raphes |
two long grooves lined with vibrating fibrils |
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Saprobes |
live by feeding on dead organic matter |
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Gametophyte |
multicellular haploid stage |
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Sporophyte |
multicellular diploid stage |
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Foraminiferans have pore-studded shells called? |
Tests |
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Amoebozoans uses pseudopods for what? |
to eat |
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Plasmodium |
nonwalled, multinucleate mass of cytoplasm that resembles a moving mass of slime |
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Spores |
highly resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions |
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When food is scarce, organisms aggregate to form? |
a slug |
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Volvox is a form of what? |
Green Algae |
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Rhodophyta is what? |
another name for Red Algae |
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Foraminiferans is in what supergroup? |
Rhizaria |
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Opisthokants have what subgroups in it? |
Animal and Fungi |
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Ch. 30 Desiccation |
tendency of an organism to lose water to the air. |
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Cuticle |
waxy surface material secreted onto exposed surfaces |
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Stomata |
tiny mouth shaped openings that allow gas exchange for photosynthesis |
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Tracheids |
specialized cells that facilitate movement of water and minerals |
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Bryophytes |
closest living descendants of first land plants |
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Mycorrhizal associations |
important in enhancing water uptake |
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Rhizoids |
rootlike structures that absorb water |
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Actual name for mosses? |
Bryophyta
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Gametangia |
(structures in which gametes are produced) form at the tips of gametophytes |
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Archegonia |
female gametangia |
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Antheridia |
male gametangia |
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Xylem |
conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots |
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Phloem |
Conducts sucrose and hormones throughout the plant |
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Euphylls |
(true leaves) found in ferns and seed plants |
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lycophylls |
found in lycophytes (club mosses) |
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progymnosperms |
evolved from spore-plants |
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Ovary (angiosperms) |
ovule and surrounding protective tissue
the ovary |
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Gymnosperms
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plants with "naked seeds" |
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Conifers |
phylum Coniferophyta |
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Most familiar Gymnosperm? |
Pines, spruces,firs, and ceders. |
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Cycads |
phylum cycadophyta |
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Gnetophytes |
Phylum Gnetophyta |
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Monoecious |
when male or female reproductive structures may form on same tree. |
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Dioecious |
Male and female reproductive structures may form on different trees |
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Carpel |
a modified leaf that covers seeds , develops into fruit |
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Pedicel |
flower develops at the end of a stalk |
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Whorts |
Flower parts are organized in circles |
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Sepals |
outermost whorl - green; leaf like |
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Petals |
Second whorl-- colored to attract pollinators |
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Stamens |
Third whorl |
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what is the male gemtophyte |
Pollen |
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Each stamen has a pollen-bearing ____ and a _____. |
Anther and filament |
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Ovary |
swollen base containing ovules ... later develops into a fruit |
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stigma |
tip where pollen lands |
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Style |
neck or stalk |
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Carpel has 3 major regions |
ovary, stigma, stalk |
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Embryo sac |
group of 8 nuclei |
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Pollination |
mechanical transfer of pollen from anther to stigma |
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cotyledon |
embryonic seed leaf |
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monocots |
corn wheat, palms, bananas, all grasses |
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dicots |
peas, beans, tomato, roses, daises, all trees |
