Biology

Front 1

the framework of the human body and is composed of 206 bones that support the body and protect vital organs.

Back 1

skeletal system

Front 2

functions together with the skeletal system and the nervous system to make body movements possible.

Back 2

muscular system

Front 3

the skeletal system consists of two broad divisions.

Back 3

axial and appendicular skeleton

Front 4

the largest portions of the skull.

Back 4

cranium

Front 5

the bones of an infant's cranium that are connected by tough membranes. "soft spots"

Back 5

fontanels

Front 6

fontanels disappear completely and the cranial bones are joined tightly together at uneven lines.

Back 6

sutures

Front 7

serve as the framework of the face and jaw.

Back 7

facial skeleton

Front 8

the most important of the facial bones.

Back 8

maxillary bones

Front 9

the only movable bone of the skull.

Back 9

mandible

Front 10

tissues that join bones to other bones.

Back 10

ligaments

Front 11

the U-shaped bone hidden in the upper neck, just above your larnyx.

Back 11

hyoid

Front 12

smallest bones in the body.

Back 12

middle ear bones

Front 13

hammer.

Back 13

malleus

Front 14

anvil.

Back 14

incus

Front 15

stirrup

Back 15

stapes

Front 16

chief structural membrane of the body,

Back 16

vertebral column

Front 17

is a massive columnlike structure which serves as the support to which all the other parts of the skeleton are attached.

Back 17

vertebrae

Front 18

between the vertebrae are disks of flexible cartilage which allow the spine to bend and twist.

Back 18

interverterbral disks

Front 19

is a tough, rubbery connective tissue that cushions the joints between bones.

Back 19

cartilage

Front 20

the vertebral column is divided into four regions.

Back 20

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

Front 21

the seven vertebrae that form the neck.

Back 21

cervical vertebrae

Front 22

the first cervical vertebrae that serves as the mounting to which the head is connected.

Back 22

atlas

Front 23

the second cervical vertebrae that is the base for the atlas.

Back 23

axis

Front 24

the longest segment of the vertebral column.

Back 24

thoracic vertebrae

Front 25

the largest of all the vertebrae which forms the lower back and support the weight of the entire upper body.

Back 25

lumbar vertebrae

Front 26

the pelvic region which are five separate vertebrae in infants but are fused into a single bone..

Back 26

sacral vertebrae

Front 27

consists of four separate vertebrae in infants but are fused into a single bone in adults.

Back 27

coccyx

Front 28

the coccyx serves as an attachment for various muscles that allow us to stand in an upright position and aid in the elimination of wastes.

Back 28

tailbone

Front 29

a severe lateral curvature of the spine.

Back 29

scoliosis

Front 30

the vital internal organs of the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and lungs, are protected by the bones of the chest.

Back 30

thoracic cage

Front 31

the most prominent bones of the thoracic cage.

Back 31

ribes

Front 32

breastbone.

Back 32

sternum

Front 33

the upper seven pairs of the ribs

Back 33

true ribs

Front 34

the rest of the rest that are not connected to the sternum itself.

Back 34

false ribs

Front 35

the bottom two pairs of false ribs.

Back 35

floating ribs

Front 36

the shoulder bones.

Back 36

pectoral girdle

Front 37

the largest bones of the pectoral girdle.

Back 37

scapulae

Front 38

the largest of the three bones in the arm.

Back 38

humerus

Front 39

the bone on the same side of your forearm as your little finger. is attached firmly to the humerus by a strong hingelike joint.

Back 39

ulna

Front 40

is attached to the ulna and humerus by a weaker but more movable joint that allows it to rotate around the ulna.

Back 40

radius

Front 41

the hand is attached to the ulna and radius by the bones of the wrist.

Back 41

carpus

Front 42

the base of the thumb and the main part of the hand.

Back 42

metarcarpals

Front 43

attached to the metacarpals form the fingers and thumbs.

Back 43

phalanges

Front 44

the body's lower appendages.

Back 44

legs

Front 45

attach to the sacrum of the axial skeleton, forming a rigid ring of thick bone that supports most of the body's weight.

Back 45

pelvic bone

Front 46

the largest bone of the leg and the longest bone in the body.

Back 46

femur

Front 47

the main weight-bearing bone of the leg is the shin bone.

Back 47

tibia

Front 48

is much thicker than the tibia and does not attach to the femur.

Back 48

fibula

Front 49

the kneecap.

Back 49

patella

Front 50

is a strong "cable" of tough fibers that attaches a muscle to a bone.

Back 50

tendon

Front 51

the foot is attached to the tibia and fibula by the bones of the ankle.

Back 51

tarsus

Front 52

in front of the tarsal bones is which correspond to the metacarpals of the hand.

Back 52

metatarsals

Front 53

attached to the metatarsals which correspond to those of the fingers and thumb.

Back 53

phalanges

Front 54

serve to support the weight of your body and work with your muscles to provide movement.

Back 54

long bones

Front 55

are nearly as wide as the long bones.

Back 55

short bones

Front 56

which often have the job of protecting vital organs.

Back 56

flat bones

Front 57

any bone that cannot be classified into one of the first three categories of bones.

Back 57

irregular bones

Front 58

the bone's shaft. the middle of the bone.

Back 58

diaphysis

Front 59

the bulged end of the bone.

Back 59

ephiphysis

Front 60

the outer shell of the bone is composed of a strong dense substande.

Back 60

compact bone

Front 61

the dense compact bone is replaced by a lightweight porous tissue.

Back 61

spongy bone

Front 62

the spongy bone provides tiny open spaces for cells special tissue that manufactures red blood cells and white blood cells for the body's circulatory and immune system.

Back 62

red marrow

Front 63

a tunnel running through the length of the bone.

Back 63

medullary cavity

Front 64

the red marrow in the medullary cavity is replaced by a fatty substance.

Back 64

yellow marrow

Front 65

the hardness of bone is due to microscopic crystals of a mineral substance. which contains calcium and phosphorus.

Back 65

hydroxyapatite

Front 66

are special cells that constantly move through your bones, removing old materials to make room for new.

Back 66

osteoclasts

Front 67

move into the Haverian canals behind the osteoclasts, constructing new collagen vessels also enter the canals, supplying the osteoblasts with nutrients.

Back 67

osteoblasts

Front 68

vitamin D deficiency in children.

Back 68

rickets

Front 69

states that bones adjust their shapes to the physical stress placed on them.

Back 69

Wolff's law

Front 70

osteoblasts began to move through them, replacing the soft, rubbery cartilage with collagen-reinforced hydroxyapatite.

Back 70

ossification