Biology

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process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities.

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Taxonomy

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devised a simple, practical method of classification for use by scientist.

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Carolus Linnaeus

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main division for all living things.

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Kingdoms

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the plant kingdom.

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Kingdom Plantae

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the animal kingdom.

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Kingdom Animalia

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a set of body structure characteristics is used to further divide each kingdom into a few main groups.

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Phyla

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each phylum is divided according to a different set of characteristics into subdivisions.

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Classes

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classes are divided into.

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Orders

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the orders are divided into.

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Families

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families are divided into.

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Genera

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a species is a group of very similar organisms that interbreed freely in nature.

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Kind

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the development of a species, genus, or group over time.

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Phylogeny

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plants that do not produce flowers but do produce seeds. “naked seed”

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Gymnosperms

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pollen-producing cones.

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Staminate

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seed-producing cones.

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Ovulate

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the most common cycad in cultivation.

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Sago palm

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is an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan-shaped leaves.

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Ginkgo

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nonflowering vascular plants with spore-bearing leaves and horizontal underground stems.

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Ferms

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tiny, one-celled reproductive structures that are capable of growing into distinct or independent organisms under proper conditions.

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Spores

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on fern leaves, the small, brownish dots.

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sori

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underneath the soil are the fern's underground stems called.

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rhizomes

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are creeping vascular plants with erect stems that bear spores in club-shaped, cone-like structures.

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club mosses

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is a typical club moss with horizontal stems which trail along the ground or grow just below the surface.

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lycopodium

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are vascular plants with unique hollow, jointed stems and very small leaves present only a the joints.

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horsetails

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nonvascular plants that lack xylem and phloem, the structures which conduct water and food in vascular plants.

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mosses

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means "mosslike plants"

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bryophytes

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a large, branching type of swamp-dwelling moss.

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peat moss

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decaying peat moss is the main constituent of a substance.

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peat.

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spore case that grows from the top of the female plant.

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capsule

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nonvascular plants that lack true leaves, roots, and stems and grow along the surface of the soil, attached by rhizoids.

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liverworts

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a species is a group of very similar organisms that interbreed freely in nature.

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Kind

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the development of a species, genus, or group over time.

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Phylogeny

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plants that do not produce flowers but do produce seeds. “naked seed”

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Gymnosperms

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pollen-producing cones.

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Staminate

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seed-producing cones.

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Ovulate

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the most common cycad in cultivation.

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Sago palm

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is an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan-shaped leaves.

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Ginkgo

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nonflowering vascular plants with spore-bearing leaves and horizontal underground stems.

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Ferms

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tiny, one-celled reproductive structures that are capable of growing into distinct or independent organisms under proper conditions.

Back 39

Spores

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on fern leaves, the small, brownish dots.

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sori

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is an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan-shaped leaves.

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ginkgo

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nonflowering vascular plants with spore-bearing leaves and horizontal underground stems.

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ferns

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tiny, one-celled reproductive structures that are capable of growing into distinct or indepedent organisms under the proper conditions.

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spores

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on fern leaves, the ferns produce small, brownish dots.

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sori

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underneath the soil are the fern's underground stems.

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rhizomes

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creeping vascular plants with erect stems that bear spores in club-shaped, cone-like structures.

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club moss

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a typical club moss with horizontal stems which trail along the ground or grow below the surface.

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lycopodium

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vascular plants with unique hollow, jointed stems and very small leaves present only at the joints.

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horsetails

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nonvascular plants that lack xylem and ploem, the structures which conduct water and food in vascular plants.

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mosses

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means "mosslike plants."

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bryophytes

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a large, branching type of swamp-dwelling moss.

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peat moss

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decaying peat moss is the main sonstituent of a substance.

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peat

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spore case that grows from the top of the female plant.

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capsule

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nonvascular plants that lack true leaves, roots, and stems and grow along the surface of the soil, attached by rhizoids.

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liverworts

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the smallest of the green, chlorophyll0containing orgainsms, that live nearly everywhere.

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algae

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microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms.

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plankton

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some single-celled green algae clump together in differently sized and shaped groups.

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colonies

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a unicellular green alga which lives in both soil and water and is unusual in that it possesses two distinctly animal-like characteristics.

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Chlamydomonas

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whiplike structures that allow locomotion.

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flagella

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are a large group of freshwater green algae.

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desmids

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is an example of unicellular aglae which live in colonies of hundreds or thousands of individual cells.

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volvox

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the attachment is made by a special type of anchoring cell that is found in certain types of algae.

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holdfast

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the most abundant life form on earth except for bacteria.

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diatoms

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the cell wall is made of two almost equal halves.

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valves

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the shells of diatoms may accumulate and become packed together to form layers called.

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diatomaceous earth

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large saltwater algae of colder ocean waters are mostly brown algae.

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seaweed

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a gummy substance derived from kelp and can hold several different liquids together in an emulsion.

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algin

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a type of brown algae and attached to rocks along the seashore by means of holdfasts.

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rockweeds

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a gelatinous substance used in many food products.

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carrageenin

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used as a culture medium for growing bacteria.

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agar

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a genus of nitrogen-fixing cyano-bacteria whose cells look like tiny beads or barrels.

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Anabaena

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are microscopic, one-celled, aquatic organisms found in both fresh water and salt water.

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dinoflagellates

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the one common dinoflagellate.

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"red tide"

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nonvascular plants without chlorophyll that are dependent upon other organisms for food.

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fungi

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manufacture their own food.

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autotrophs

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organisms that must obtain their food from sources outside themselves.

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heterotrophs

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obtain their nutrition from dead organisms.

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saprophytes

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the threadlike structures which form the body of a fungus.

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hyphae

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the mass of hyphae forming the main bodyof a fungus.

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mycelium

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scientists who study fungi.

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mycologists

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fungi produce spores in microscopic club-shaped structures.

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basidia

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include mushrooms, toadstools, shelf fungi, rust, and smuts.

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club fungi

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a stalk of tightly bound hyphae topped by an umbrella-shaped, spore-forming structure grows quickly into the air.

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fruiting body

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fruiting body contains.

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gills

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an organism that lives on or in another living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism.

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parasite

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means that they must have two hosts in order to complete their life cycle.

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alternate parasite

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are parasitic club fungi which do millions of dollars in damage to crops each year.

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rusts and smuts

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attack the tassels and ears of corn plants, where large, shiny blisters are then formed.

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corn smuts

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fungi with saclike spore-producing structures.

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sac fungi

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a well-known sac fungus.

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yeast

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is an extension of a cell which breaks off and forms a new cell.

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bud

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are the jellylike organisms often seen on the bark of fallen trees.

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slime molds

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live together in a close relationship that combines the two organisms into a single unit.

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lichen