Biology

Front 1

devised a simple, practical method of classification for use by scientists.

Back 1

Carolus Linnaeus

Front 2

an English clergyman who devoted much of his time to natural studies and became very well known for his work with plants.

Back 2

John Ray

Front 3

all living things are grouped into main divisions.

Back 3

kingdoms

Front 4

the plant kingdom.

Back 4

Plantae

Front 5

the animal kingdom.

Back 5

Animalia

Front 6

a set of body structure characteristics is used to further divide each kingdom into a few main groups.

Back 6

phyla

Front 7

each phylum is divided according to a different set of characteristics into subdivisions.

Back 7

classes

Front 8

the classes are divided into.

Back 8

orders

Front 9

the orders are divided into.

Back 9

families

Front 10

the families are divided into.

Back 10

genera

Front 11

the genera are divided into one or more categories of living things.

Back 11

species

Front 12

a species is a group of very similar organisms that interbreed freely in nature.

Back 12

kind

Front 13

Linnaeus system for assigning a scientific name.

Back 13

binomial system of nomenclature

Front 14

plants including those which typically carry out photosynthesis within its cells.

Back 14

plantae

Front 15

animals that are muti-cellular with the ability for locomotion and food collection.

Back 15

animalia

Front 16

mostly single celled organisms such as amoeba, euglena, paramecium.

Back 16

protista

Front 17

all fungi including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms which do not conduct photosynthesis.

Back 17

fungi

Front 18

true bacteria including the common disease casuing bacteria.

Back 18

eubacteria

Front 19

bacteria that typically live in extreme envireonments such as very cold habitats or in highly-saline, acidic, or alkaline water.

Back 19

archaebacteria

Front 20

the development of a species, genus, or group over time.

Back 20

phylogeny

Front 21

two gorups of vascular plants.

Back 21

seed plants and nonseed plants

Front 22

plants that do not produce flowers but do produce seeds.

Back 22

gymnosperms

Front 23

pollen-producing cones.

Back 23

staminate cones

Front 24

seed-producing cones.

Back 24

ovulate cones

Front 25

the most common cycad in cultivation.

Back 25

sago palm

Front 26

is an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan-shaped leaves.

Back 26

ginko

Front 27

are nonflowering vascular plants with spore-bearing leaves and horizontal underground stems.

Back 27

ferns

Front 28

are tiny, one-celled reproductive structures that are capable of growing into distinct or independent organisms under the proper conditions.

Back 28

spores

Front 29

one their leaves ferns produce small, brownish dots.

Back 29

sori

Front 30

are creeping vascular plants with erect stems that bear spores in club-shaped, cone-like structures.

Back 30

club mosses

Front 31

is a typical club moss with horizontal stems which trail along the ground or grow just below the surface.

Back 31

lycopodium

Front 32

are vascular plants with unique hollow, jointed stems and very small leaves present only at the joints.

Back 32

horsetail

Front 33

are nonvascular plants that lack xylem and phloem, the structures which conduct water and food in vascular plants.

Back 33

mosses

Front 34

botanists call mosses and liverworts.

Back 34

bryophytes

Front 35

a large, branching type of swamp-dwelling moss.

Back 35

peat moss

Front 36

decaying peat moss is the main constituent of a substance.

Back 36

peat

Front 37

lack true leaves, roots, and stems and grow along the surface of the soil, attached by rhizoids.

Back 37

liverworts

Front 38

the smallest of the green, chlorophyll-containing organisms.

Back 38

algae

Front 39

microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms.

Back 39

plankton

Front 40

some single-celled green algae chump together in differently sized and shaped groups.

Back 40

colonies

Front 41

a unicellular green alga which lives in both soil and water, is unusual in that it possesses two distinctly animal-like characteristics.

Back 41

clamydonmonas

Front 42

whiplike structures that allow locomotion.

Back 42

flagella

Front 43

eyespot.

Back 43

stigma

Front 44

are large group of freshwater green algae.

Back 44

desmids

Front 45

is an example of unicellular algae which live in colonies of hundreds or thousands of individual cells.

Back 45

volvos

Front 46

grows along the seashore and in ponds.

Back 46

ulothrix

Front 47

the attachment is made by a special type of anchoring cell.

Back 47

holdfast

Front 48

the cells of these filamentuous algae contain one or more ribbonlike chloroplasts arrenged in a spiral.

Back 48

spirogyra

Front 49

the hard substance in sand and glass.

Back 49

silica

Front 50

the cell wall is made of two almost equal halves.

Back 50

valves

Front 51

the shells of diatoms may accumulate and become packed together to form layers.

Back 51

diatomaceous earth

Front 52

large saltwater algae.

Back 52

seaweed

Front 53

the largest of the brown algae, grow in both the Aglantic and Pacific oceans and may be over 200 feet long.

Back 53

kelps

Front 54

a gummy substance derived from kelp, can hold several different liquids together in an emulsion.

Back 54

algin

Front 55

a type of brown algae, are attached to rocks along the seashore by means of holdfasts.

Back 55

rockweeds

Front 56

a gelatinous substance used in many food products.

Back 56

carrageenin

Front 57

the Japanese are the principal cultivators of edible red algae.

Back 57

nori

Front 58

a genus if nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria whose cells look like beads or barrels.

Back 58

anabaena

Front 59

are microscopic, one-celled aquatic organisms found in both fresh water and salt water.

Back 59

dinoflagellates

Front 60

only one type of dinoflagellate is well known.

Back 60

"red tide"

Front 61

the green plants.

Back 61

autotrophs

Front 62

organisms that must obtain their food from sources outside themselves.

Back 62

heterotrophs

Front 63

they obtain their nutrition from dead organisms.

Back 63

saprophytes

Front 64

the threadlike structures which form the body of a fungus.

Back 64

hyphae