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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organelles
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A structure with a specialized function within a cell
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nonpolar covalent bond
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An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons equally b/c the atoms have similar electronegativity
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solvent
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The dissolving agent in a solution. Water is the most versatile known solvent.
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isotonic
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Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
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pinocytosis
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Cellular "drinking"
A type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles. |
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facilitated diffusion
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The passage of a substance across a biological membrane down its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins.
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organelles
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A structure with a specialized function within a cell
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nonpolar covalent bond
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An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons equally b/c the atoms have similar electronegativity
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solvent
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The dissolving agent in a solution. Water is the most versatile known solvent.
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isotonic
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Having the same solute concentration as another solution.
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pinocytosis
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Cellular "drinking"
A type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles. |
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facilitated diffusion
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The passage of a substance across a biological membrane down its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins.
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cytoplasm
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Intracellular fluid.
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denatured
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Destroyed enzymes. Can be caused by changes in pH, or salt [] or by high temp.
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Watson & Crick
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1962 discoveredthe arrangement of the DNA molecule.
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gene
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A section of DNA with a particular sequence of bases.
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active site
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The part of an enzyme molecule where a substrate molecule attaches *by means of weak chem. bonds); typically, a pocket on the enzyme's surface.
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polar covalent bond
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An attraction between atoms that share electrons unequally. The shared electrons are pulled closer to one atom, making it partially negative and the other atom partially postive.
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lyse
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To cause dissolution or destruction of cells by lysins.
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active transport
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The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its [] gradient, aided by specific transport proteins and requiring input of energy (ATP)
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extracellular fluid
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All fluid outside of cells, usually excluding transcellular fluid.
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phopholipid
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A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail.
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Chargaff's rules
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1/ The amount of A,T,C,G in DNA varies from species to species.
2/In each species the amount of A=T, C=G |
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mutations
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A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of genetic diversity.
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AIDS
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(Acquired immune deficiency syndrome) The late stages of HIV infection, characterized by a reduced # of T cells; usually results in death caused by opportunistic infections.
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enzyme
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Biological catalysts.
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diffusion
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The movement of molecules from an area of high [] to an ared of lower [].
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crenate
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Where the cell decreases in size.
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endocytosis
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The movement of materials into the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles or vacuoles.
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cytosol
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The fluid in the cell.
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DNA
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(Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
The genetic material & thus it constitutes the molecula basis of inheritances. Stored the info . regarding development, structure & metabolic activites of the cell. |
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Competitive inhibition
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Binds to the enzyme's active site in place of the substrate.
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mutagens
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A chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
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HIV
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(Human immunodeficieny virus) the retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and causes AIDS
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homeostasis
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The steady state of body functioning.
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osmosis
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The movement of water froma region of high [] to low [] through a semipermeable membrane.
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plasma
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The liquid matrix of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended.
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exocytosis
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The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles or vacuoles.
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interstitial fluid
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Fluid outside cell, not including blood plasma.
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receptor-mediated endocytosis
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The movement of specific molecules into a cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles. The vesiclescontain proteins with receptor sites specific to the moelcules being taken in.
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inhibitor
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A chemical that interferes with an enzyme's activity.
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noncompetitive inhibition
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Changes the shape of the enzyme so that the active site no longer functions.
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reverse transcriptase
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An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA on an RNA template.
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bacteriophages
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Bacteria virus
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solute
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A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
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hypertonic
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Higher concentration of solutes
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Hypotonic
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Lower concentration of solutes
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phagocytosis
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Cellular "eating"; a type of endocytosis whereby a cell engulfs macromolecules, other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm.
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RNA
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(Ribonucleic acid) A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases A,C,G,U; single stranded; functions in protein synthesis.
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metabolism
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The many chemical rxn's that occur in organisms.
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