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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are consumers and decomposers?
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Consumers
Herbivores: plants Carnivores: other animals Omnivores: plants & animals Decomposers Heterotrophic bacteria, fungi & worms that break down dead organic matter |
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What are autotrophs?
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Autotrophs make their own food
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What is a photoautotroph?
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Photoautotrophs use light as energy source through Photosynthesis: sunlight--> chemical energy (food)
plants, algae, protists & some prokaryotes |
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Where in a cell does photosynthesis take place, where in a leaf are these cells located?
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts = in mesophyll cells (interior of leaf) |
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How does CO2 enter the cell and O2 leave the cell?
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O2 exits & CO2 enters through pores (stomata)
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What are the two phases of photosynthesis known as and why do we call them that?
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Light Reaction: Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy & splits water to release electrons & O2
Electrons move down electron transport chain Solar energy --> ATP and NADPH We call it this because this cycle requires light in order to function. Calvin Cycle (Light Independent or Dark) Reaction: CO2 = taken up & reduced to a carbohydrate Reduction requires ATP & NADPH ATP, NADPH --> Carbohydrate This phase does not need the sun in order to function. Calvin is the one who realized this. |
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What are the inputs of each phase of photosynthesis?
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Light Reaction - Input Solar energy --> Output ATP and NADPH
Dark, Independent or Calvin Reaction - ATP, NADPH --> Carbohydrate |
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What are the two types of photosystems?
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PSI (P700): produces NADPH
PSII (P680): produces ATP |
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What are the products of the light reactions?
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Produces NADPH, ATP & oxygen
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What are the products of the light reactions used as in the dark reactions?
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Uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar aka carbohydrates
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Where does the carbon that builds sugar come from? How does it get into the leaf? What else happens at that structure of the leaf?
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Carbon Dioxide and it enters throught the Stomata.
This part of the leaf also allows oxygen to enter and exit as well. Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation evolved in hot, arid climates. On hot, dry days, plants close their stomata Conserving water but limiting access to CO2 causing oxygen to build up, this process is known as photorespiration. |
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Can you detail what happens with the electrons in the photosystems? Could you offer a mechanical analogy or other analogy for this energy transfer? You should try.
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Light reactions consist of 2 electron pathways:
Noncyclic/linear electron pathway (This creates ATP & NADPH) Cyclic electron pathway (This only creates ATP) A photon uses energy to move the electron up to the Photosystem II, which then drops it to a mill type mechanism to make ATP, it then transfers the electron to photo system I which uses another photon to jump to another part of the photo system I to create NADPH. |
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What are the similarities between cellular respiration and photosynthesis? What are the similarities between the structure of the mitochondrion and the structure of the chloroplast?
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The Electron Transport Chain, it uses the split H2O to create H+ and ATP.
Chloroplasts & mitochondria make ATP by chemiosmosis Electron transport chains pump H+ across membrane ATP synthase uses proton-motive force to make ATP |
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What are the products of the Calvin Cycle? Why is it a cycle?
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Uses ATP, NADPH --> Carbohydrate
It is called a cycle because it starts with one product and then ends up at the same product just like the citric acid cycle. |
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What is Rubisco?
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Enzyme that adds carbon dioxide to RuBP
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What is photorespiration? How do different plants combat this?
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Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation evolved in hot, arid climates
On hot, dry days, plants close their stomata Conserving water but limiting access to CO2 Causing oxygen to build up O2 substitutes for CO2 in the active site of the enzyme rubisco The photosynthetic rate is reduced because this is done at night and the stomata is opened at night. |
