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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. what are the six properties of water?
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1. Best Solvent
2. High Specific Heat 3. High Heat of Evaporation 4. High Surface Tension 5. High Heat of Fusion |
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2. What makes water the best solvent?
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The other molecules are charged or polar making them attracted to water and keeps them in the solution.
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3. What is so good about the High Specific heat property?
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Water can absorb lots of heat without affecting the temperature too much.
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4. What makes the high surface tension?
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it is made from the tight hydrogen bonds and it causes the water surface to act like a membrane.
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5. Define the high heat of fusion property.
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It takes a lot of energy to remove heat from water in order for it to freeze. This allows animals living in the water to adjust to the temperature.
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6. Define the Expansion on freezing property.
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Water forms crystals when freezing and expands. most things contract when freezing. Frozen water is less dense then water so it floats. It is a good insulator so it keeps the unfrozen water ata stable temperature.
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7. Define the High Heat of Evaporation.
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it takes a lot of heat to evaporate even a small amount of water.
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What is the PH scale?
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It is used to measure the acidiity in substances. Acid is determined by hydorgen ions.
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What makes something more acidic or basic?
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higher PH= more basic
lower PH= more acidic |
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What is human blood's ph?
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7.4
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11. What is sucrose?
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it is common table sugar and produced in stems and leaves of plants. It has six sides. the closed bonds keep it from opening and linking with other molecules. sugar is improtant to the system. it is involved int he make up of the surface of red blood cells and is part of DNA.
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12. What is starch?
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otherwise known as Amylose. it is an energy reservoir in plant cells and a source or carbohydrates in the human diet for energy. it allows molecules to link easily
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13. What is cellulose?
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it is the most organic substance on earth. it is very important in plants
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14. define fats and lipids.
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fats make up lipids. they are found in things like butter. they make up long dangly chains. they store lots of energy and provide insulation and protection for organs.
lipids make up steroids, which intern produce hormones. they are found in waxes and oils and provide the body with lubrication, expecially the joints. |
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15. What is protein?
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it has 24 major functions. some are acting as an enzyme, some control chemical reactions, messengers, some are carried on blood cells, help build muscles and hormones.
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16. what is photosynthesis?
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water+CO2+light= sugar+O2`
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17. What are the levels of organization?
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Atoms--Molecules--Organelles--Cells--Tissues--Organs--Organs Systems
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18. What does the stage of the micorscope do?
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it supports the specimen, the hole allows light to pass through.
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19. What is the slide?
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it is what the specimen is mounted on
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20. What is the cover slip?
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it is the glass covering the specimen and held on by stage clips
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21. what is the standard light microscope for?
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nonliving or fixed
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22 what is the magnification in the objective lens?
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4x-10x-45x-100x
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23 what is the eyepiece for?
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where you put your forehead. has additional 10x magnification
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24. what is the coarse adjustment for?
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it gets the specimen in approximate focus
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Describe the Iris Diaphram Knob.
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it has one dozen sheets of brass mounted. so the lever opens and closes light path. by increasing or decreasing the witdth of the beam. it probides contrast between light and dark
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Describe the standard light microscope.
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It magnifies by using light, mirrors and lens.
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Describe Electron Microscopes.
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They are very elaborate and expensive. there are two types TEM and SEM. They use fixed cells and have 100,000x magnification
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What does and SEM microscope do?
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bounces electorns off of the specimen to create a picture. for thick specimens
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What does a TEM microscope do?
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passes electrons through the specimen to create a picture.
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What are Eurokratic Cells?
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they have a nucleus, are bigger, multi celled, compartmentalized, are aerobic (use oxygen)
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What are Porkarytic Cells?
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they dont have a nucleus are smaller, often single celled and some are poisoned by oxygen.
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How are plants different then animals?
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-plant cells have a cell wall not a membrane
-Chloroplasts -Centular Vascuole |
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Describe a plants Cell Walls?
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they are almost always present, can be thick or thin, provide support and protection
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Describe the chloroplast.
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where photosynthesis
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describe the central vacuole.
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it is a large wattery organelle that stores nutrients, retains and degrades waste products, contains digestive enzymes, causes the plants color
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What is the Nucleus.
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contains DNA, instructions on how the cell is to devide. considered the control center
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What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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processes the proteins, adds sugar, sort protein, picks out good and bad and sends for further sorting.
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What is the cell membrane?
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controls what goes in and out of the cell
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what is the mitochondria?
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power house of the cell, where ATP is formed
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What are Lysosomes?
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contain digestive ensymes, clean cell and rid cell of old parts
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What is the Golgi Complex?
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it produces lysosomes and secretary vessiciles to export waste out of cell
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what are ribosomes
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they arrange amino acids, which make up proteins
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