Biology

Front 1

Define the immutability of species

Back 1

the idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could never fundamentally change

Front 2

define microevolution

Back 2

the theory that natural selection can, over time, take an organism and transform it into a more specialized species of that organism

Front 3

define macroevolution

Back 3

the hypothesis that process simular to those at work in microevolution can, over eons of time, transform an organism into a completley different kind of organism

Front 4

define strata

Back 4

distinct layers of rock

Front 5

define fossils

Back 5

preserved remains of once living organisms

Front 6

define paleontology

Back 6

the study of fossils

Front 7

define structural homology

Back 7

the study of simular structures in different species

Front 8

Where did Darwin do most of the work which lead to his hypothesis of evolution?

Back 8

he did most of his work on the HMS Beagle

Front 9

Did Darwin ever recant his scientific beliefs?

Back 9

No he did not

Front 10

What was the main idea that Thomas Malthus's work gave to Darwin?

Back 10

Malthus believed in a constant struggle for survival

Front 11

What was the main idea that Sir Charles Lyell's work gave to Darwin?

Back 11

Lyell came up with the idea that the present is the key to the past. He thought that the entire geological column could be explained by referring to the same process that we see happening today

Front 12

What age-old concept was Darwin able to dispel with his research?

Back 12

Darwin dispelled the idea of the immutability of the species.

Front 13

Suppose a herd of horses were living in an area where food near the ground was scarce but there was plenty of food in the trees. If, after several generations, the horses gave rise to giraffes that could easily reach the food in the trees, would this be an example of microevolution or macroevolution?

Back 13

macroevolution

Front 14

consisder a fish population that is trying to survive under conditions of extremley cold water. If, over several generations, the fish develop thicker fat layers under their skin for better insulation, is this an example of microevolution or macroevolution?

Back 14

microevoultion

Front 15

From a genetic point of view, what is the main difference between microevolution and macroevolution

Back 15

The Geological collumn-This data is inconclusive as far as macroevolution is concerned

The fossil record-This data is strong evidence against macroevolution

structural homology- This data is strong evidence against macroevolution

Molecular-This data is strong evidence against macroevolution

Front 16

Name two creatures that macroevolutionists claim are intermediate links and why they are not really intermediate links.

Back 16

Australopithecus afarensis is supposed to be an intermideate link between man and ape. However every bone that we have found of this creature indicates it is an ape. Thus, it is safest to assume that it is an ape. Archaeopteryx is supposed to link birds and reptiles, but once again the fossils tell us it is just a bird.

Front 17

What is the Cambrian Explosion? Why is it a problem for macroevolution?

Back 17

Every major animal phylum in creation can be found in Cambrian Rock. It present 2 problems for macroevolution 1) There is no way macroevolutionists can understand how macroevolution proceeded so quickly during those times 2) There are just no intermindit links

Front 18

What are the four ways a bacterium can become resistant to an antibiotic?

Back 18

conjugation, transformation, transduction, or mutation

Front 19

If a bacterium has a mutation that makes it resistant to an antibiotic, does information get added to its genetic code?

Back 19

No information is needed

Front 20

Consider the following amino acid sequences that make up a small portion of a protein:

a. Gly-Ile-Gly-Gly-Arg-His-Gly-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Glu-Glu(NH2)-Lys-Lys-Lys

b. Gly-Leu-Phe-Gly-Arg-Lys-Ser-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Ala-Arg-Lys

c.Leu-Ile-Gly-Gly-Arg-His-Ser-Gly-Glu(NH2)-Ala-Glu(NH2)-Arg-Arg-Arg

Which protein would you expect to be the most simular to a protein with the following subset of amino acids?

Back 20

the protein in C is most simular

Front 21

based on macroevolutionary assumptions, which organism's cytochrome C should most resemble that of a yeast: a kangaroo or a bacterium?

Back 21

a bacteriums cytochrome C

Front 22

What main problem with Darwin's hypothesis did neo-Darwinism hope to solve?

Back 22

Neo-Darwinism hoped to provide a mechanism by which information could be added to the genetic code of an organism

Front 23

What problem with Darwin's hypothesis did punctuated equilibrium attempt to solve?

Back 23

Punctuated equilibrium attempts to explain away the fact that the fossil record is devoid of any real intermediate links

Front 24

How would an adherent to punctuated equilibrium explain the lack of intermediate links in the fossil record?

Back 24

He would say that since the transformation from species to species takes such a short amount of time there is virtually no chance of an intermediate link being fossilized

Front 25

What problems mentioned in this module still exists for those who believe in punctuated equilibrium?

Back 25

Structural homology and molecelular biology still say that macroevolution could not have happened

Front 26

When fruits or vegitables are imported into the U.S. from a foreign country, they are always very closley inspected for insects, even though the vasat majorty of insects are not harmful. Why is the inspection done?

Back 26

If an insect not native to the US were carried in the country though foreign fruits and vegetables, it could ruin the balance of the US ecosystem

Front 27

Name the participants in the three new symbiotic relationships that we learned in this module. Briefly describe the roles of each participant

Back 27

The clownfish and sea anemone from a mutualistic symbiotic relationship. The clown fish is protected by the sea anemone and attracts food to it. The goby and the blind shrimp have a mutualistic symbiotic relationship in which the goby protects the blind shrimp and the blind shrimp provides a home for the goby. The oriental sweetlips and blue streak wrasse form a mutualistic symbiotic relationship in which the sweetlips gets its teeth cleaned by the wrasse and the wrasse gets food from the sweet lips

Front 28

What fundamental assumption of macroevolution does mutualism seem to contradict?

Back 28

Mutalism seems to contradict the idea that organisms always battle for survival

Front 29

In the water cycle of an ocean shore ecosystem, more water evaporates from the ocean than falls back into the ocean in the form of rain. Why doesnt the ocean lose water?

Back 29

Because the land gets the excess water and that excess water flows back into the ocean via surface runoff

Front 30

What does the water cycle accomplish besides balancing the water in an ecosystem?

Back 30

it transports nutrients

Front 31

What is the possible consequence if deforestation occurs in a watershed?

Back 31

to many nutrients will flow into the river or stream, throwing off the ecosystem

Front 32

What is the principal means by which oxygen is taken from the air? What is the principal means by which it is restored to the air?

Back 32

Oxygen taken from the air principally by respiration and restored principally by photosynthesis

Front 33

Name the other way the oxygen is removed by the air.

Back 33

Oxygen is also removed from the air by fire, ozone, formation, the rusting, and minerals.

Front 34

Name the other ways that oxygen is replenished in the air.

Back 34

by ozone destruction and the water vapor destruction

Front 35

Name the ways in which carbon dioxide is removed from the air.

Back 35

by photosynthesis and by dissolving in the ocean

Front 36

Name the ways in which carbon dioxide is replenished in the air.

Back 36

decomposition, fossil fuel buring, & respiration

Front 37

What human activity worries those who think that global warming is a problem?

Back 37

fuel burning

Front 38

Is human-produced global warming occuring now?

Back 38

no

Front 39

What is nitrogen fixation? What type of organisms perform it?

Back 39

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen gas from the atmosphere is converted into nitrogen containing molecules that are useful to mist of organisms in creation. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria perform it.

Front 40

What two ways does the nitrogen in organisms get put back into the environment?

Back 40

Organisms emit some nitrogen in their wastes and the rest is turned back into useful forms of nitrogen by the decomposes that feed on their decaying remains

Front 41

____ is a study of the interactions between living and non-living things. In the taxonomy of ecological studies, a ____ is a group of interbreeding organisms coexisting together. A _____ is a group of populations living and interacting in the same area. An _____ is ecosystems classified by climate and plant life.

Back 41

Ecology
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome

Front 42

The continent of ____ was nearly overrun by ____ because a Rancher brought some from England to Australia for the purpose of hunting.

Back 42

Australia
Rabbits

Front 43

The four major trophic levels in a food web are ____ ( which makes its own food ), ____ ( which eats producers ), ____ ( which eats primary consumers ), and amount of biomass in producers and the least amount of biomass in ____. This is because energy is ____ as you travel up trophic levels in an ecosystem.

Back 43

Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Terriary Consumer
lost

Front 44

The ____ of an ecological pyramid is always the widest level.

Back 44

Bottom level

Front 45

We studied three ____ symbiotic relationships in this module. The ____ swims in the tentacles of the ____. The former ____ to the latter, and the latter ____ the former. There is also some evidence that the former ____ the latter by scaring away on of the major predators. The ____ lives in a hole that is dug by the ____. The former ____ while the latter cleans the hole. The ____ cleans the teeth of the ____, and the material on the latter's teeth is ____ for the former. This kind of mutualism is very ____ to explain in macroevolutionary terms.

Back 45

Mutalistic
Clownfish
Sea anemone
Attracts prey
Protects
Protects
Goby
Blind shrimp
For Predators
Blue-streak wrasse
Oriental sweetlips
Food
Hard

Front 46

If you were to try to explain the relationship between the blue-streak wrasse and the Oriental sweetlips using the hypothesis of macroevolution, you would be fored to believe that all of the ____ needed by the Oriental sweetlips and all of the ____ needed by the blue-streak wrasse evolved ____ in the two different animals.

Back 46

instincts
instincts
simultaneously

Front 47

The ____ of an ecosystem is made up of all the non-living things in the ecosystem.

Back 47

Physical Enviroment

Front 48

A ____ is an ecosystem where all water runoff drains into a single body of water

Back 48

Watershed