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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When do HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS seperate?
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Meiosis 1
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When do SISTER CHROMATIDS seperate?
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Meiosis 2
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Meiosis II results in what?
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4 Haploid Daughter Cells
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What is crossing over?
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Exchange of maternal and paternal sections of homologous chromosomes.
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When and where does crossing over occur?
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Meiosis in Prophase 1
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What are the phases of Meiosis?
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Prophase 1
Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase 1 & Cytokenesis |
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What happens in Prophase 1?
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Site of crossing over
Homologous chromosomes pair up |
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What happens in Metaphase 1?
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Homologous pairs are lined up in the middle of the cell
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What happens in Anaphase 1?
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Pairs of chromosomes split up
(Sister chromatids migrate as a pair) |
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What happens in Telophase 1 and Cytokenesis?
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Two haploid cells form; chromosomes are still doubled
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What does Meiosis 1 result in?
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2 Haploid Cells
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What is the difference in Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2 during Anaphase?
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In Meiosis 1 - Homologous pairs seperate
In Meiosis 2 - Sister Chromatids seperate |
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What is the product of fertilization?
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A diploid zygote
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What is the purpose of Meiosis II?
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Producing cells with 23 chromosomes
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Once egg and sperm meet, the zygote begins what type of division?
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Mitotic division
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Where does mitosis occur?
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Somatic Cells
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In mitosis, are the daughter cells diploid or haploid?
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Diploid (2n)
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Where does Meiosis occur?
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Germ cells (reproductive cells)
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In meiosis, are the daughter cells diploid or haploid?
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Haploid (n)
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Where is the only spot where crossing over occurs?
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Meiosis 1
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What are the advantages of Sexual reproduction?
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Increases variation w/in a species
Genetic diversity produces organisms that are adaptable to non-favorable conditions |
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What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
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Slows reproduction
Errors in inheritance |
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What is nondisjunction?
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Chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase
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What is trisomy?
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Having 1 extra chromosome
2n + 1 |
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What is monosomy?
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Having 1 less chromosome
2n - 1 |
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What is Trisomy 21?
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Down Syndrome
Having 1 extra 21 chromosome Most common 47 chromosomes total *Correlated w/ mothers age |
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What are the symptoms of Trisomy 21?
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Short Stature
Anatomical abnormalities on face Heart Defects Slow growth and development GI difficulties |
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What is Trisomy 13?
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Patau syndrome
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What are the symptoms of Trisomy 13?
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Microcephaly
Cleft lip Absense of eye Extra digits Heart defects |
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If a baby has XYY, what do they have?
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Jacobs Male
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What are the symptoms of Jacobs Male?
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Few if any
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If a baby is born with XXY, what does it have?
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Kleinfeld Syndrome
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What are the symptoms of Kleinfeld Syndrome?
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Small Testicles
Breasts Low Libido Infertility Female body hair |
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If a baby is born with XXX, what does it have?
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Metafemale
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What are the symptoms of Metafemale?
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Early onset of menstruation and puberty
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If a baby is born with XO, what does it have?
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Turner syndrome
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What are the symptoms of turner syndrome?
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Short stature
Lack of secondary sex characteristic Webbing of neck Infertility |
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Who is the father of Genetics?
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Gregor Mendel
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What is a gene?
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A feature that is heritable
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What is a locus?
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Specific place where gene is located or found
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What is a genotype?
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Genetic makeup of an organism
The combination of genes in nucleus |
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What is the phenotype?
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The physical appearance of an organism
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_______ influences phenotype & _______ influences phenotype
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Genotype; Environment
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What is genetics?
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The study of heredity
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What is heredity?
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Transmission of traits from parents to offspring
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What was Gregor Mendel interested in?
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The basic patterns governing the transmission of traits of parents to offspring
(His work precedes an understanding of meiosis/genes/chromosomes) |
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What was Gregor Mendel's hypothesis?
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Blending Inheritance Hypothesis
& Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Hypothesis |
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What was the Blending Inheritance Hypothesis?
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Offspring represents blend of characteristics from 2 parents
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What what the Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Hypothesis?
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Traits in parents are modified through use and passed onto the offspring in modified form
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What plant did Mendel study?
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Pisum Sativum
Purebread garden peas |
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What ratio did Mendel keep seeing?
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3 : 1
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What are alternative versions of genes called?
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Alleles
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If an organism inherits the same 2 alleles it is known as what?
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Homozygous
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If an organism inherits two different alleles its known as what?
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Heterozygous
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