Biology

Front 1

water

Back 1

the biological medium if earth/molecules that support all of life

Front 2

polar molecule

Back 2

the opposite ends have opposite charges

Front 3

polarity allows....

Back 3

water molecules to form hydrogen bonds

Front 4

4 properties of water that facilitate an environment for life

Back 4

cohesion behavior
ability to moderate temperature
expansion upon freezing
versatile as solvent

Front 5

the bonding within hydron is a

Back 5

covalent bond

Front 6

the bonding with hydrogen and oxygen is a

Back 6

hydroge bond

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cohesion

Back 7

collectively, hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together (a phenomenon)

Front 8

cohesion helps

Back 8

the transport of water against gravity in plants

Front 9

adhesion

Back 9

an attraction between different substances
ex: between water and plant cells

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surface tension

Back 10

a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

Front 11

3 examples of surface tension

Back 11

-surface tension is related to cohesion
-water absorbs heat from warmer air and releases stored heat to cooler air
-water can absorb or release a large amount of heat

Front 12

kinetic energy

Back 12

the energy of motion

Front 13

heat

Back 13

a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion

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temperature

Back 14

measures the intensity of heat due to the average kinetic energy of molecules

Front 15

Celsius scale

Back 15

measure of temperature using Celsius degree

Front 16

calorie

Back 16

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 (C)

Front 17

joule

Back 17

unit of energy

Front 18

specific heat

Back 18

amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of substance to change its temperature by 1 (C)

Front 19

the specific heat of water is

Back 19

1 cal/g (c)

Front 20

water resists....

Back 20

..changing its temperature because of its high specific heat

Front 21

water high specific heat..

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..can be traced to hydrogen bonding

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heat is absorbed when..

Back 22

..hydrogen bonds break

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heat is released when..

Back 23

..hydrogen bonds form

Front 24

evaporation

Back 24

transformation of a substance from liquid to gas

Front 25

heat of vaporization

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the heat of a liquid must absorb for 1 gram to be converted to gas

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evaporative cooling

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process in which liquid evaporated and its remaining surface cools

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solution

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a liquid that is homogeneous mixture of substances

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solvent

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the dissolving agent of a solution

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solute

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the substance that's being dissolved

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aqueous solution

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one in which water is solvent

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hydration shell

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the sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion

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hydrophilic substances

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one that has an affinity for water

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hydrophobic substance

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one that does not have an affinity for water

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colloid

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a stable suspension of free particles

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mole

Back 35

represents an exact number of objects (mol)

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molarity

Back 36

number of moles of solute per liter of a solution

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hydroxide ion

Back 37

charge of 1-

Front 38

hydrogen ion

Back 38

a single proton with a charge of 1+

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hydronium ion

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a proton binds to the other water molecules (H30+)

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acid

Back 40

any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

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base

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substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentraion of a solution

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buffer

Back 42

substances that will minimize the fluctuation in PH at a given PH

Front 43

acid precipitation

Back 43

rain,snow, or fog with a PH lower than 5.6