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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of a hunter Gather Society
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Small Nomadic Groups
Follow the plants and animals Small population Vast knowledge of plants |
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What are the classifications of the Modern Hunter gatherer societies
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Meats Carnivors
Plants Herbivors Pants & Meats |
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When did the first human societies switched to agriculture and where
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10K Years Ago
Middle East, Asia and New World (Mexico and Peru) |
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What is the dump-site hypothesis
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Its where people dumped their stuff. leave remains, poop then stuff would be growing when they returned
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What evidence is there for early agriculture and what crops were first domesticated
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Cave Drawings, Tools, Petrified Poop, Pottery
Grass (Corn, Wheat, and Rice) & Legumes |
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What are some desirable characteristics for crop plants
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Good taste, high yields, short cycle, pest resistance
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What are the current trends in the world population growth and why population size comes into consideration
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7 billion people.
Carrying capacity; the Number of organisms that a particular environment can support. This is determined by the nutrient resources, space, ability of the environment to handle waste |
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What is the GREEN REVOLUTION? and why is it important
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This is important for the food supply abroad.
Using Technology to increase the food supply. |
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What techniques are used in the GREEN REVOLUTION?
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Fertilizers, mechanization, irrigation, Select Breeding,
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What are the pro's and con's of Synthetic Fertilizers
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Supplies an abundant amount of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium to the soil
Removes oxygen in the water and kills fish and algae |
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What are the pro's and con's of Synthetic Pesticides?
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Kills pests and reduces crop loss
Birth defects, nerve damage, and environmental effects. |
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What are the pro's and con's of Irrigation
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Increases crop yield because plants always have water. Can grow in arid land
Reduces water in aquifers and streams, and leads to erosion |
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What are the pro's and con's of Mechanization
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Improves planting and harvesting time
Machines are expensive and excessive tilling causes soil erosion |
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What is Sustainable Agriculture?
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Has a biology focus, uses less technology.
Focuses on increasing food yield but in a more environmentally friendly way Knowledge of organisms and how they interact and less technology |
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What methods are used to fix High Yield agriculture
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Crop rotation reduces disease and pest problems
No till or low till techniques to farm Drip irrigation Use Refuge Crops between the main crop |
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What fertilization method does the sustainable method use to reduce problems from High Yield Agriculture?
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Animal waste for manure, blood
Plant waste Cover Crops like rye, oats and clovers and close monitoring of fertilizers |
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What pest management method does the sustainable method use to reduce problems from High Yield Agriculture?
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study the life cycle of pests for the best time to apply pesticides
use growth regulators Biological control agents |
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What was Gregor Mendels contribution to genetics?
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He derived many of the basic genetic concepts without knowing anything about chromosomes or DNA
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Why was the Garden Pea a good choice to use for experiments for Gregor Mendel
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Self fertilizing, short life cycle, compact growth
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What is the definition of Gene
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a specific region of DNA that controls a specific trait
ex. flower color, plant height, and seed color/texture |
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What is the definition of allele
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different versions of gene
ex. purple flowers vs. white flowers |
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What is the definition of dominant
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always expressed
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What is the definition of recessive
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not always expressed.
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What is the definition of Heterozygous
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two alleles present are different
EX. Yy or Xx |
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What is the definition of Homozygous
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Two alleles present are the same
Ex. YY or XX |
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What is the definition of phenotype
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trait that is expressed (shown)
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What is the definition of Genotype
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genes that are present
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What is the principle of Dominance
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generally one allele is expressed over another
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What is the principle of Segregation
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the 2 alleles present in the parent are separated during meiosis so that the gametes only get one copy of each allele
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What is the principle of independent assortment
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genes on different chromosomes are inherited independently
-traits are transferred from parent to offspring independent of one another Ex. Flower color and seed color |
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What is meant by biotechnology
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Genetic engineering for disease resistance, enhanced pest resistance
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What is the problem with Biotechnology
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Can cahnge the genetic makeup of the plant and we are still unsure of the consequences
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What are Macronutrients and an example
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Macronutrients are used in large quantities and are made up of Carbs, Lipids and proteins
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MICROnutrients
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used in small amounts and are vitamins and minerals
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What are the different types of carbohydrates and its uses
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Complex vs. Simple
Complex: polysaccharides= starch (plant), glycogen (animal) Longer lasting Energy Simple: Sugars Monosaccharides= glucose, frutose f QUICK ENERGY |
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What is the importance of fiber in the diet and where does it come from>
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it provides cellulose and aid digestion and lowers cholesterol
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What is the primary use for proteins in the body
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it provides enzymes that make reactions possible
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What are complete and incomplete proteins
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complete: animals have everything.
incomplete: not everything |
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What are teh characteristics of fats and cholesterol and why these nutrients lead to problems
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Saturated: leads to high cholesterol and cardiovascualr disease
Unsaturated- FAT hydrogen atoms |
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What are the characteristics of vitamins and give examples
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A, D, E & K
A: Karatin after digestion D: Iron (beans) E: soybean oil K: ?? |
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What are the three required minerals that we discussed
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Calcium (cellular function)
Iron (hemogloben) Iodine (Thyroid Hormones) |
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of being a vegetarian
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Pros: generally healthier and had less fat and disease
Cons: can miss vitamins, minerals and amino acids if not careful Incomplete Proteins |
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Which groups of plants are most important for human food
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Rice, wheat, corn, white potato, sweet potato, cassava
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What are the major families of crop plants and give one example of each
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Grass : rice, wheat, corn
Lily: onions Palm: coconut Legume: bean Nightshade: tomato Squash: Cabbage: broccoli Rose: apple Parsley: carrot Citrus: orange |
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What is an example of something in teh grass family
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rice, wheat, corn
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What is an example of something in the Lily Family
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oinions, asparagus, garlic
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What is an example of something in the Palm Family
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coconuts, dates, seeds
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What is an example of something in the legume family
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bean, pea, peanut
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What is an example of something in the nightshade
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tomato
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What is an example of something in the Rose family
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apple
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What is an example of something in the Parsley family
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carrot, celery
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what parts of a plant do we use for food
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stem, roots, leaves, flower, fruit, and seed
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What is an example of something we eat that is a Stem
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asparagus
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What is an example of something we eat that is a root
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carrot
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What is an example of something we eat that is a leaves
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lettuce
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What is an example of something we eat that is a flower
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broccoli
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What is an example of something we eat that is a fruit
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pineapple
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What is an example of something we eat that is a seed
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bean, peanut
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What are the different types of fruits
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Berry, Hesperidium, Pepo, Drupe and Pome
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What is an example of a berry Fruit
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Tomato
Moist Mesocarp and endocarp Thin Exocarp |
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What is an example of a Hesperidium
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Lemon
Thick Leatherly Exocarp, Moist meso/Endocarp |
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What is an example of a Pepo
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Watermelon
Thick exo but not leathery, Fleshy moist meso and endo |
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What is an example of a Drupe
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Peach
Thin Exo, fleshy meso and stone like endo |
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What is an example of a Pome
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Apple
Papery core surrounded by a fleshy accessory tissue |
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What is a classification and example of some grasses used as crops
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Rice, corn, wheat
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Describe the characteristics of a grass plant
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long, strap like-leaves with parallel veins
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Describe the characteristics of a flower
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Inflorescence- multiple flower grouped together
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Describe the characteristics of a Fruit or seed
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Fruit (grain) is dry and fused to a seed coat
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What part of a wheat plant is most commonly used
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The seed and fruit (because it is fused to it) and is used to make flour
Whole Wheat & white flower (seed coat) |
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What are the characteristics of corn?
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separate male (tassles) and female (silks) flowers
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What is the varieties of corn
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Popcorn,
Sweet corn Dent corn |
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What are the uses of corn
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Popcorn-
Sweet corn (most often eaten) dent (grown for feeds, and products (cereal) |
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What are the characteristics of rice
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Most widely consumed
grown in flooded fields Grown for human consumption |
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What are the Types of rice
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Long grain, short grain, Brown and white
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What is the classification and characteristics of legumes
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Dicot
Some herbaceous, some woody Shorter, broader leaves with branched veins 5 petals and symmetrical |
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What is an example of a non crop legume
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alfalfa and clover
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What is an example of a crop legume
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Beans and peas
peanuts soybeans |
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Why are legumes beneficial to the soil and what other organisms make this possible
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Alfalfa and Clover. Forage and cover crops. Intercropping
Provide bacteria for the root- nitrogen |
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What is a tuber
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a modified stem (PITH)
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What is a characteristics of a sweet potato
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native to south America and a tuberous root.
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What are the characteristics of Cassava
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Tuberous root in south America
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What are the Types of rice
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Long grain, short grain, Brown and white
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What is the classification and characteristics of legumes
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Dicot
Some herbaceous, some woody Shorter, broader leaves with branched veins 5 petals and symmetrical |
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What is an example of a non crop legume
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alfalfa and clover
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What is an example of a crop legume
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Beans and peas
peanuts soybeans |
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Why are legumes beneficial to the soil and what other organisms make this possible
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Alfalfa and Clover. Forage and cover crops. Intercropping
Provide bacteria for the root- nitrogen |
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What is a tuber
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a modified stem (PITH)
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What is a characteristics of a sweet potato
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native to south America and a tuberous root.
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What are the characteristics of Cassava
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Tuberous root in south America
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