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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is the cell cycle?
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1. The cycle of cell reproduction by growing and dividing. It is the repeating sequence of events in eukaryotic cells.Synthesis occurs and the stages of mitosis when cell division occurs.
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2. What is mitosis?
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2. Mitosis is the process of one cell dividing into two new cells with the same chromosomes. It is the type of cell division that results in two daughter cells containing identical sets of chromosomes. It is also the process in which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei.
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3. What is a chromosome?
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3. A chromosome is the rodlike structure in the nucleus seen during cell division. It contains the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation. Each person has a total of 46 chromosomes, or two pairs of 23.
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4. How many stages does mitosis have?
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4. Mitosis has four stages.
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5. What are the four stages of mitosis?
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5. The four stages of mitosis are: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase.
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6. What happens in Prophase, Stage 1 of mitosis?
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6. During Prophase, DNA condenses and the chromosomes become visible.
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7. What happens in the Metaphase, Stage 2 of mitosis?
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7. In Metaphase the chromosomes arrange themselves along the spindle fibres. Each half chromosome now called a chromatid.
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8. What is a chromatid?
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8. A chromatid is the relaxed form of DNA in the cell's nucleus.It is a threadlike network in the nucleus that is made up of DNA and proteins.
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9. What is the third stage of mitosis called?
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9. The third stage of mitosis is called Anaphase. During this stage chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of cell.
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10. What is the fourth, or last stage, of mitosis called?
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10. The fourth stage of mitosis is called Telophase. During Telophase the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and begin to relax. Daughter cells are forming as the nuclear envelope and nucleoli appear.
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11. What is the second process of cell reproduction called?
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11. The second process of cell reproduction is called cytokinesis where the cytoplasm divides into two parts. Each part contains one of the newly formed nuclei, with one complete set of hereditary material and about half of the other contents of the parent cell.
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12. What is the time span for mitosis cell division?
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12. The time needed for a cell to pass through all the stages of mitosis varies from one type of organism to another and from one type of tissue to another.
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13. What causes cell division to start and what controls it?
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13. It is not known what causes cell division to start and what controls it.
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14. What are somatic cells?
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14. Somatic cells . or body cells, are all the cells of an organism except for the specialized cells that play a part in sexual reproduction.
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15. In humans there are 46 chromosomes in body cells that can be arranged into 23 pairs. What do we call these chromosomes?
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15. Chromosomes that make up each pair are called homologous chromosomes.Homologous chromosomes are similar in size and shape, and they have the similar genetic content.
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16. What do we call those cells that have all the homologous chromosomes that are characteristic of the species?
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16. Diploid is the name we give to those cells that have all the homologous chromosomes that are characteristic of a species. This means cells have two copies of each chromosome (most cells are like this).
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17. Cells that have only one chromosome from each pair are called what?
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17. Haploid is the name given to cells that have only one chromosome from each pair.
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18. The haploid cell contains only how many chromosome/s from each pair of homologous chromosomes?
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18. The haploid cell contains only ONE chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes.
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19. What are gametes?
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19. Gametes are two special sex cells that are needed in simple organisms for sexual reproduction. Two gametes, most often an egg or sperm, join in fertilization.
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20. What is meiosis?
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20. Meiosis is a type of cell division that in animals occurs during the production of gametes. It is the process of making four sex cells from one cell (each new cell is a haploid).
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21. Meiosis begins with what kind of cell and ends with what kind of cell?
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21. Meiosis begins with one diploid cell and ends with four haploid cells.
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22. Are sex cells diploid or haploid cells?
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22. Sex cells are haploid cells.
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23. How is meiosis different from mitosis?
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23. Meiosis has two stages of cell division and mitosis has only one. Also, meiosis occurs in the germ cells of the ovary and testis. Mitosis occurs in the somatic cells of the body.
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24. What kind of fertilization is most often found in animals that reproduce on land?
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24. Internal fertilization is most often found in animals that reproduce on land. External fertilization takes place in an environment outside the body of the female. This type of fertilization takes place only in animals that breed in water.
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