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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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homeostasis |
a process in which a biological system maintains stability be adjusting to changing conditions |
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biotic abiotic |
living non-living |
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what does emergent mean why are the characteristics of life emergent |
the whole is better then the sum of its parts and this is seen in life because for example the cells that make up the heart if not joined together cannot complete the same function thus the whole is greater then the sum of its parts. |
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what is the habitable zone? |
the distance of a planet from a star where atmospheric pressure can hold liquid water |
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oparin-haldane Miller-urey experiment |
an experiment where the early atmosphere of earth was replicated and tested to see if any complex organic molecules could be produced |
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ozone ozone layer |
a layer of ozone in the stratosphere of the earth which absorbs ultraviolet light |
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protobionts liposomes
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Protobionts are systems that are considered to have possibly been the precursors to prokaryotic cells. liposomes are vesicles made from the same material of cell membranes |
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transcription translation |
production of RNA from DNA production of proteins from RNA |
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riboenzyme |
an RNA molecule that can act as a enzyme to catalyze the cleavage of its own or other RNA |
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Metabolism |
chemical process in living cells necessary for life production of energy |
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oxidation reduction early atmosphere modern atmopshere |
early atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere and so organic molecules were easier to form modern atmosphere is a oxidative atmosphere and makes it difficult for organic molecules to form |
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stromatolies |
a sedimentary of rock of lime secreting cyanobacteria |
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autotroph phototroph heterotroph
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phototrophs use light as primary energy source autotrophs use light and inorganic molecules to produce organic molecules heterotrophs cannot self feed and uses organic carbon for energy |
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panspermia extraterrestrial hypothesis extremophiles |
comets and meteors brought complex organic compounds or life itself as extremophiles( organisms that live in extreme conditions) |
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endosymbiotic theory |
O2 saturation of rock lead to oxygen remaining as oxygen concentration in the atmosphere grew anaerobic bacteria died or adapted some adapted by living near aerobic bacteria which may have lead to the engulfing of the aerobic bacteria. a stable version of the endosymbiosis between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria lead to the development of the ER and nuclear envelope mitochondria and chloroplasts (depending if it was a aerobic bacteria or a photosynthetic bacteria). |
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evidence of endosymbiotic theory in mitochondria and chloroplasts |
have similar shape and size to bacteria divide by binary fission have DNA similar in sequence and organization to bacterial DNA produce RNA and proteins from their DNA sequence similar metabolic process to bacteria |
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list the 7 properties of life |
1.composed of cells 2.living things have different levels of organization 3.living things use energy 4.living things grow 5.living things respond to their environment 6.living things evolve 7.living things replicate |
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why is a virus not a living thing |
no cell membrane cant reproduce alone cant move on own cannot use energy cannot respond to the environment (does not have all characteristics of living things) |
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describe the process in which abitoic chemical became a living cell |
1. membrane defined compartment that was constant 2.a storage of genetic information and usable to produce complex macromolecules 3.energy transforming pathways to harness energy |
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last universal common ancestor(LUCA) |
that all organisms come from a single common ancestor |
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symbiosis |
the living of two organisms side by side |
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hydrothermal vents hypothesis |
high temperature, high pressure, diverse chemicals lead to the creation of complex organic molecules and could have lead to the formation of living cells
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genome horizontal gene transfer(HGT) |
a genome is the entire DNA sequence of a living thing is the evolution of a cell through the transfer of DNA from one species to another occurs frequently in bacterial cells but is theorized to have occurred in the mitochondrial, chloroplasts and nuclear genomes leads to genetic variability |
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how did protobionts achieve self replication |
one theory suggests that RNA molecules achieved this through ribozynmes and may have been assisted by clay particles |
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great oxidation event |
the increase of O2 gas in the atmosphere through the byproduct of photosynthetic microbes after the saturation of rock |
