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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic molecules |
compounds that have both Carbon and Hydrogen in them |
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Inorganic molecules |
Any molecule without both Carbon and hydrogen in them. (They can have one but not both) |
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Properties of Water: |
Since Oxygen is much larger the Hydrogen they do not share electrons evenly. This results in the oxygen becoming a little negative, and the Hydrogen becoming a little positive. They posses a cohesive nature (water always wants to clump) |
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Difference between polar and non-polar |
non polar ( slightly negative or positive) polar (electrons are shared evenly) |
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Difference between Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic |
Hydrophilic: Any molecule that will react with water Hydrophobic: Any molecule that will not react with water |
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Properties of Acids and Bases, Buffers |
Acids promote increase in H ions while Bases promote increase in OH ions Buffers regulate PH |
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What are Biological Molecules and what are the names of the 4 different classes? |
are organic compounds-tend to be named by the number of Carbons and the arrangement of the carbons. The four kinds are Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins |
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Hydrolysis Reaction |
breakdown of a product due to reaction with water |
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Dehydration Synthesis |
Joining of molecules due to the removing water |
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Function of Carbos and difference between monosacchrides, Dissachrides, and Polysacchrides |
Carbos: Primary energy molecules Mono: Single sugars or simple carbs (Range from 3-7 carbon sugars) Dissachrides: composed of two monosaccrides Polysacchrides: many sugars (joined together by dehydration synthesis)
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Draw a Glucose molecule! |
Cant really draw one, eh? |
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Types of dissacchrides: |
sucrose: Glucose + Fructose Lactose: Glucose + galactose Maltose: Glucose + glucose |
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Types of Polysacchrides: |
Starch (plant) Gycogen (humans) Cellulose (another plant polysacchride...fiber!) |
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Function of Lipids: |
Characterized or non-polar insoluable molecules, however some types have a polar attachment. Functions:-long term energy (if all carb is used) structural component of cell membrane and organelles body protection important class of chemical triggers ( hormones called steroids) |
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What are Fats and Oils composed of |
considered the polymer form of the molecule. Composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
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Know how to draw the dehydration synthesis of a fat or oil (Glycerol) |
JUST DO IT |
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difference between fats and oils |
Fats often called Saturated fats and ten to have all the possible hydrogens on the fatty acid chains ( all 3 chains take on the same shape) Oils are the unsaturated fatty acid tails removing Hydrogen forms double bonds and change shape of fatty acids and spreads them apart. |
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Hydrogenating |
had Hydrogen to unsaturated to make it more solid like |
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function of Phospholipid and structure |
structure: 1 Glycerol plus 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate Function: used in construction cell membrane and alter membrane bound organelles |
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Function of Steroids and structure |
structurally different from fats oils and phospholipids but share non polar hydrophobic nature Function: are chemical triggers Structure: 4 fused Carbon rings |
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Types of Nucleic Acids and Function |
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid RNA: Ribonucleic Acid Function: DNA: control molecule of the cell if it is found in big long stands called chromosomes which are held coiled by protein called Histone -controls cell reproduction -controls cell's daily functions through controlling what proteins a cell makes |
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Basic Nucleotide structure |
composed of 3 parts -phosphate group (PO4)3- -5 carbon sugar Nitrogenous base (2 classes) |
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different Nitrogenous bases |
class one: pyrimidines: single-ring bases -cytosine (DNA and RNA) -thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) Class II purines: double Ring bases -Adenine (A) -Guanine (G) Dna and RNA A always bonds with T (double bond) G always bond with C (triple bond) |
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Know the DNA and RNA structure |
RNA is only a single strand polymer |
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Structure of ATP and function and formula |
Energy molecule produced in our mitochondria Via Cellular respiration (Adenine) C6H12O6 + O2--- CO2 + H2O + ATP |
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Know How to Draw Amino Acids |
go look in the book pg 14 |
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what are peptide bonds, what kinds are there? |
The bond between two Amino acid groups. two AAs linked together by peptide bond= dipeptide many Amino Acids= polypeptide |
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Primary structure of Protein Formation |
the linear sequence of AA joined together by peptide bonds |
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Secondary Structure of Protein Formation (or alpha helix) |
When the polypeptide chain does a right handed coil to stabilise itself Hydrogen bonds that form the structure are between R groups |
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Tertiary Structure and Quaternary Structure of Protein Formation |
the twisting and buckling of the alpha helix forms the protein Caused by hydrogen, covalent, and possibly ionic bonds between R groups. Some really large complex proteins have 2 or more 3D polypeptide chains joined to form a really large protein |
