Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Cell Membrane |
Consists of phospholipid bilayer (embedded proteins). Acts as policing agent and is selectively permeable. |
|
|
Cell Wall |
Only in plants: provides protection and structure |
|
|
Centriole |
Short cylinder with 9+0 pattern of microtubule triplets. Exists in pairs of basal bodies which occur in Centrosome and helps move chromosomes during mitosis; animal cells only
|
|
|
Chloroplast |
Holds thylakoids (independent and overlapping) which hold chlorophyll used for photosynthesis. A stack of thylakoids is known as a granum, and the space between the inner and outer membrane is known as the Stroma; Contains its own DNA; synthesizes proteins |
|
|
Chromosome |
Coiled DNA strands. Involved in storage of genetic info, and are formed during cell division, until they form as Chromatin around nucleolus |
|
|
Cilia |
Hairs on surface of cells. Twin barrel-like structures in animal cells that play a role in cell division; have 9+2 formation |
|
|
Cytoskeleton |
Network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many cells, giving shape and coherence (involves microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments) |
|
|
Flagella |
Long thread-like string that allows prokaryotic cells to "swim" |
|
|
Golgi body |
A complex of folded membranes and vesicles involved in packaging, sorting and transporting proteins and lipids (via vesicles and lysosomes) |
|
|
Lysosomes |
Contains hydrolytic degradative enzymes in a membrane; digests old cell parts; secreted from golgi body; referred to as "cellular stomach"; also known as "suicide sacs" |
|
|
Microfilament/Actin filament |
Long, extremely thin; found in mesh bundles; contains two chains of globular actin monomers twisted like a double helix; helps for formation of extensions that allow cells to move in amoeboid fashion; interacts with myosin, which has head and tail that reattaches to actin filament to move chain.
|
|
|
Microtubule |
Made from tubulin; hair-like; when cell isn't dividing, they help maintain shape and act as tracks for organelles to follow.Also used to make cilia, flagella, centrioles, and spindle fibres |
|
|
Mitochondria |
Produces energy as ATP through process of cellular respiration; inner space called matrix; inner membrane folds into Cristae; they have their own DNA; synthesizes proteins |
|
|
Nucleolus |
Made of proteins and RNA; directs ribosomal RNA to combine with proteins, making macromolecules for ribosomes; |
|
|
Nuclear envelope |
A double membrane that seperates nucleus from cytoplasm; has pores to allow bodies to pass in and out. |
|
|
Nucleus |
Directs cell, contains genetic information, chromatin, nucleoli, and is surrounded by nuclear envelope with pores. |
|
|
Plastids |
A family including chloroplasts (photosynthesis), amyloplasts (starch storage), and chromoplasts (pigment). |
|
|
Ribosomes |
Particles consisting of RNA and proteins; bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins; group of ribosomes is called a "polysome"; ensure correct order of amino acids in protein chain; no membrane |
|
|
Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
synthesizes proteins, has budding ribosomes which transport these to golgi body; attached to Nucleus |
|
|
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
synthesizes lipids, phospholipids and steroids; transports these via transport vesicles to the golgi body; attached to nucleus; detoxifies harmful material or waste products (in liver or glands for example) |
|
|
Vacuoles |
storage of sugars, water, salts, pigments, toxic chemicals etc.; Plant cells have large vacuole, animals have multiple smaller ones; Also contain lysosomes which break down bacteria/waste in vacuole. |
|
|
Vesicle |
transports proteins, lipids, etc., which were synthesized in ER (endoplasmic reticulum) or from Golgi body. Form from ER, Golgi body, or Cell membrane (pinocytosis). Can travel to plasma membrane to be emptied out of the cell in what is called exocytosis/excretion |
|
|
Cellular respiration |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy |
|
|
Photosynthesis |
Solar energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O-->C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
|
|
Prokaryotic cells |
Do not contain nucleus, rather a nucleoid (single loop chrosome), cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, thylakoids, innumerable enzymes, and flagella. |
|
|
Eukaryotic Cells |
Includes animal and plant cells; distinctly different from prokaryotic cells in that they have a nucleus |
|
|
Prokaryotic defenition |
Pro= before Karyotic=nucleus These cells were small, had no defined nucleus, and no membrane bound cell organelles. |
|
|
Eukaryotic definition |
eu= true karyotic= nucleus Modern cells with membrane bound organelles; are up to 1000x larger. |
|
|
Cell theory |
1. All living things are made from cells 2. The cell is the functional unit of life 3. All living cells come from pre-existing cells |
|
|
Plasma Membrane (cell membrane) subunits |
Phospholipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates |
|
|
Glycoprotein |
carbohydrates attached to phospholipids: act as receptors |
|
|
Glycolipid |
carbohydrates attached to phospholipids: act as receptors |
|
|
Integral proteins |
Assists specific larger and charged moleculs to move in and out of the cell. can act as "tunnels" or will change shape. |
|
|
Peripheral proteins |
Partially embedded/sit on top of another protein |
|
|
Cholesterol in Plasma membrane |
Reduces membrane fluidity by reducing phospholipid movement. Also stops membrane from becoming solid at room temp. |
|
|
Nucleoplasm |
Cytoplasm of nucleus, supports and suspends its contents |
|
|
Microfilaments (actin filaments) |
long and extremely thin, occur in bundles; made of Actin and Myosin. Actin double stranded filament is moved via Myosin bodies, which use ATP. |
|
|
Endosymbiotic hypothesis |
That eukaryotic cells were formed when specific bacteria were "swallowed" by another vesicle, thus forming mitochondria and chloroplasts, forming the beginning of organelles in eukaryotic cells. |
