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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how are the carbohydrate molecules produced
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photosynthesis
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which sugar is used as the primary fuel used for metabolic processes
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glucose
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complex carbohydrates are used for what two functions
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energy storage and structural molecules
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what are the linkages in monosaccharides
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glycosidic linkages
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where is cellulose found
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plants
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where is chitin found
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shell of crustaceans
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where is fructose found
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fruit
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where is starch found
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bread and potatoes
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what are the basic building blocks of polysaccharides
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monosaccharides
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what three elements are in carbs
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carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
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what is this (CH_2_O)_n_
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general formula for carbs
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describe the components of monosachs
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3 carbon atoms, a carbonyl group,and hydroxyl groups for the rest
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what are the three ways monosaccs are classified
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1. the length of their carbon skeleton
2. the location of their carbonyl group 3. and the spatial arrangement of the h atoms around the skeleton |
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mono sachs with a terminal carbonyl group are called what
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aldose
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what is a terminal carbonyl group compnent called
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aldehyde
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what is a monosacc with a nonterminal carbonyl group
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ketose
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what is a nonterminal component of a carbonyl group
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ketone
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what is the sugar subunit of RNA
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ribose
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what is a five carbon sugar
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pentose
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ribose has a terminal carbonyl group which makes it what type of monosach IUPAC and how many carbons does it have making it what
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an aldose, pentose
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what kind of monosach is glucose (think number of carbons and terminal carbonyl groups
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hexose, aldose
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fructose has how many carbons making it what and also does it have a terminal carbonyl
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6 carbons-hexose
ketose-non terminal |
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what is sucrose
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table sugar
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sugar is composed of what two monosachs
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glucose and fructose
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what is the energy storage molecule in plants
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starch
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what conformation in the glycosidic linkage of glucose are starch molecules
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in the alpha conformation
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what does being in the alpha conformation mean
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the oxygen is linked pointing to the floor
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what are the two starches
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amylose and amylopectin
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starch is composed of what mono sachs or monomers
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glucose
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what is the primary component of the plant cell wall
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cellulose
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what is the polymer of glucose
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glycogen
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what does the glycogen serve as in animals
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it is the primary energy storage molecule
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what is glycogen composed of
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polymers of glucose
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what is the main constituent of bacterial cell walls
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peptidoglycan
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what do plant cells store sugars in the form of
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starch
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what type of carb is starch
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polysachs
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what do animals store (What type of carbohydrate
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polysachs
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what are the polysachs that animals store called
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glycogen
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glucose + fructose =
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sucrose
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galactose + glucose =
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lactose
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glucose + glucose =
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maltose
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where do we get maltose
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digestion of starch
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what is the polysacharide thaqt stores glucose for energy in animal cells
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glycogen
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what is the polysaccharide that is in plant cell walls
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cellulose
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what is the most abundant organic compound on earth
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cellulose
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describe cellulose composition
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glucose with chains made from a different glucose isomer
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an isomer causes what to happen
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the thing to have different properties
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