Biology 1120 Test 1

Front 1

What is the difference between Homeotherm and Poikilotherm?

Back 1

Homeotherm is warm blooded and maintains its own temp, while Poikilotherms are cold blooded and body temp varies with surroundings

Front 2

What is BMR and how does it vary with size?

Back 2

BMR is Basal Metabolic rate. Smaller size = higher BMR
Bigger size = Smaller BMR

Front 3

How do humans deal with cold?

Back 3

Humans shivver causing muscle contraction, vessels constrict to allow less blood flow to outer body.

Front 4

How do other vertabrates deal with cold?

Back 4

Brown Adipose Tissue filled with mitochondiria produces UCP and generates no ATP but heat. Babies have this but not adults.

Front 5

What are the levels of organization?

Back 5

Atoms, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ-system, Organism.

Front 6

What is Allometric Growth?

Back 6

Different parts of body grow at different rates. Ex:arms grow faster than other parts

Front 7

What is the relative energy cost of Locomotion in the 3 different types of movement, and in size?

Back 7

Walking > Flying > Swimming
Smaller animal uses More energy than a large one to move

Front 8

What is Thyroxine, and where is it produced?

Back 8

Bats use Throxine to produce heat, and it is produced in the Thyroid.

Front 9

What is Epithelial Tissue?

Back 9

Epithelial Tissue is skin and the lining for organs and cavities of the body.

Front 10

Where do all connective tissue lie, and what that made of?

Back 10

All Connective tissue lie on a Base Membrane made of proteins.

Front 11

What are the 3 types of attachments found in epithelial tissue, and what are their characteristics?

Back 11

Desmosome - Connects cells with Glycoproteins

Tight Junction - where Proteins glue cells together

Gap Junction - A continuous hole through the cell

Front 12

What do celia in your body do?

Back 12

Transports Mucus from your lungs to throat.

Front 13

What is the difference between Simple Squamous Epithelium and Stratafied Squamous Epithelium?

Back 13

Simple - single layer of cells shaped like large flat tiles. Covers Heart, vessels, and Kidney

Stratafied - Contains many layers of cells. Only First layer undergoes mitosis, and cells just pile up on top.

Front 14

What is Cuboidal Epithelium,What does it do, and where is it located?

Back 14

Cuboidal Epithelia is shaped like dice, and it exists for Secretion and Absorbtion. Cuboidal Epithelia makes up part of Kidney and Thyroid.

Front 15

What is the Bio definition of Vision? What is ROYGRIV? which ones has lowest & highest frequencies?

Back 15

Vision - Translation of Light into Action Potentials

ROYGRIV - All the colors of the light spectrum

Red has lowest Freq, Violet has highest

Front 16

What is a compound eye and it's characteristics?

Back 16

-Found in Insects and Crustaceans
-tubes next to each other, each with a Lens and Retina
-Every lens forms a pixle
-Fast shadow changes of light alarms the insect, so its very hard to kill
-Does see pictures, colors, patterns

Front 17

What is a Camera eye and it's Characteristics? (8)

Back 17

-Inward – Cornea, Anterior Chamber, Iris, pupil, lens, Vitreous Body, optic nerve in back, retna covers inside of eye
-Cornea – Clear covering of eye
-Iris – Structure that carrys color
-Pupil – Hole where light goes through
-Lens – Focuses light
-Back and focuses on Retina – where light is received
-Space between Iris and Cornea – Anterior Chamber
-Inside is the Vitreous Body – Semi solid inside of eye

Front 18

What is Glaucoma?

Back 18

When there Fluid in the Anterior Chamber cannot be drained, causing pressure on Vitrious Body, then on Retina. Causing Blindness

Front 19

What controls our Lens? What does it do?

Back 19

We move our lens VIA Ciliary Muscle, and it allows us to focus near or far

Front 20

What is Macula Lutea and Lovea Centralis?

Back 20

When Light is focused on them, we get the best vision

Front 21

What is Macular Degeneration?

Back 21

When the Outer part of Lens begins to Degenerate, causing blindness. Could be related to Diabetes.

Front 22

Where is the Blind spot?

Back 22

On the Optic Disk, where neurons go back into the Brain.

Front 23

What are the Retina Rod and Cones? Do they use the same Chemicals? Do they create Action potentials?

Back 23

- Rod cells provide Black and White vision in Low Light.
- Cone cells provide Color vision in bright Light.
- Both uses the same chemical
- Rod and Cones NEVER produce action potentials, outer segments do.

Front 24

What does our Retina cells do in darkness?

Back 24

Rod cells releases Glutamic Acid, puts IPSP in the bipolar neuron and prevents it from activating next- No signal to Brain

**If a drug stopped the release of Glutamic acid, person will always see light

Front 25

What is Rodopsin and what does it do?

Back 25

Rodopsin is a Photosensitive chemical that reacts to light.

- It is also called Visual Purple, and is made from Vitamin A.

Front 26

What are the parts of the ear?

Back 26

External ear - Pinna is top of ear
Middle ear - 3 bones that transfers sound to inner ear
Inner ear - Where sound is translated into action potentials

Front 27

What is the Tympanic Membrane?

Back 27

It separates the Outside and Inside ear.

Front 28

What are the Characteristics of SKELETAL Muscle? What does it do, and what does it look like?

Back 28

Skeletal Muscle - Made up of Fibers, Functions in movement, has Striations.

Front 29

What are the Characteristics of CARDIAC Muscle? What does it do, and what does it look like?

Back 29

Cardiac Muscle - Has Striations, are Branched, and Connected by intercalated disc.

Front 30

What are the Characteristics of SMOOTH Muscle? What does it do, and what does it look like? Found in?

Back 30

Smooth Muscle - Individual cells with one nucleus, No Striations. Found in Intestines and Vessels, and controls BP

Front 31

What are the properties of White Collagen Fibers, and where are they found?

Back 31

White Collagen Fibers are like Steel wires, can be bent, twisted, but not break or stretch. Found in Muscles

Front 32

What are the properties of Yellow Elastic Fibers, and where are they found?

Back 32

Yellow Elastic Fibers, can be stretched and come back. They are found in ligaments, around joints, and between bones.

Front 33

What is a Ground Substance, and what is it made of?

Back 33

Ground Substance is a Protein Matrix that surrounds cells and fibers. They are made of Cells and Tissues called FIBROBLASTS

Front 34

What are the characteristics of Collagen Fibers and what do they do?

Back 34

Collagen Fibers in Tendons are packed close together. They function in Holding Muscle to Bone.

Front 35

What does Elastic Tissue do?

Back 35

They are packed together to form a Tendon.

Front 36

Ligaments also has ____ in them

Back 36

Collagen Fiber.

Front 37

Eyes are enclosed and moves by _______

Back 37

Adipose (Fat) Tissue

Front 38

Cells that make up Adipose Tissue are called ______

Back 38

Adipocytes

Front 39

What does Adipose tissue do?

Back 39

Storage of energy as Triglycerides. Also produces a hormone that is related to Diabetes.

Front 40

What is the Canal for Bone Marrow called?

Back 40

Megulary Canal.

Front 41

What is the function of Bone? Why is it important?

Back 41

The function of bone is for Storage of Calcium. We need calcium for Muscle-Nerve Function, Blood clotting, and mechanical support.

Front 42

What is the actual Compound found in Bones?

Back 42

Calcium Phosphate

Front 43

Describe the structure of a bone

Back 43

Periosteum - a Dense Fiberous Tissue that covers the surface of bones allowing the attachment of Muscles and Tendons.

Epiphysis - The upper Proximal Epiphysis, and Bottom Distal Epiphysis of bone

Diaphysis - The middle long shaft of bone

Front 44

Describe the structure of Dense Bone.

Back 44

Bone Marrow - Inside
Dense Bone - rest
Round Osteons - determines bone structure

Front 45

Layers of Bone between Osteons are called _______

Back 45

Lamalle

Front 46

What are the passages for Blood Vessels called? Where are they found?

Back 46

The blood vessel Passage is called the Hyversion Canal, Found inside Osteons.

Front 47

Thalamus

Back 47

Gateway to brain, can block out unwanted senses

Front 48

Hypothalamus

Back 48

Controls Body temp, anger

Front 49

Mid Brain

Back 49

Functions in Reticular formation to keep you awake, and Pain supression

Front 50

Ionotrophic

Back 50

Gate is opened by receptor Protein

Front 51

Metabotropic

Back 51

Gate is opened by second messenger

Front 52

Skeletal Muscle tissue layers

Back 52

Epimysium, Perimysium, Endomysium,

Front 53

Pulling Force in Muscles

Back 53

Cross Bridges

Front 54

Proteins that prevent a muscle from contracting

Back 54

Tropomyosin, Troponine

Front 55

Frontal Lobe

Back 55

Voluntary motor control. Personality and Thought.

Front 56

Perietal Lobe

Back 56

Sensations of body and the meanings

Front 57

Occipital Lobe

Back 57

Vision

Front 58

Temporal Lobe

Back 58

Hearing, Memory

Front 59

Hippocampus

Back 59

Uses Acetylcholine for nerves. Damage = loss of memory