Biology 112 Concepts & Applications/starr/evers/starr 9Th Edition

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FUNGUS WITH FLAGELLATED SPORES

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CHYTRID

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FUNGI THAT PRODUCE PORES IN CLUB-SHAPED STRUCTURES DURING SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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CLUB FUNGI

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HAVING TWO GENETICALLY DISTINCT NUCLEI

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DIKARYOTIC

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UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTIC HETEROTROPH THAT DIGESTS FOOD OUTSIDE THE BODY, THEN ABSORDS THE RESULTING BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS. HAS CHITIN-CONTAINING CELL WALLS

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FUNGUS

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FUNGUS THAT PARTNERS WITH PLANTS ROOTS; FUNGAL HYPAE GROW INSIDE THE CELL WALLS OF ROOT CELLS

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GLOMEROMYCETE

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COMPONENT OF A FUNGAL MYCELIUM; A FILAMENT MADE UP OF CELLS ARRANGED ENTD TO END

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HYPHA

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FUNGUS THAT GROWS AS A MASS OF ASEXUALLY REPRODUCING HYPHAE

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MOLD

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MASS OF THREADLIKE FILAMENTS (HYPHAE) THAT MAKE UP THE BODY OF A MULTICELLED FUNGUS

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MYCELLIUM

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FUNGI THAT FORM SPORES IN A SAC-SHAPED STRUCTURE DURING SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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SAC FUNGI

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FUNGUS THAT LIVES AS A SINGLE CELL

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YEAST

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FUNGI THAT LIVE IN DAMP PLACES AND FORM A THICK-WALLED ZYGOSPORE DURING SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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ZYGOTE FUNGI

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COMPOSITE ORGANISM CONSISTING OF A FUNGUS AND GREEN ALGAE OR CYNOBACTERIA

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LICHEN

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MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN A FUNGUS AND A PLANT ROOT

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MYCORRHIZA

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ALL FUNGI______________________

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ARE HETEROTROPHS

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MOST FUNGI OBTAIN NUTRIENTS FROM_______

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WASTES AND REMAINS

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A FUNGUS THAT USUALLY LIVES AS A MASS OF HYPHAE AND REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY IS CALLED A____________________

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MOLD

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A_____________STEALS SUGARS FROM A LIVING PLANT CELL.

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RUST OR SMUT

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IN MANY_______, AN EXTENSIVE DIKARYOTIC MYCELIUM IS THE MOST CONSPICUOUS PHASE OF THE LIFE CYCLE.

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CLUB FUNGI

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A______________PRODUCES SPORES BY MEIOSIS IN AN ASCUS.

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SAC FUNGUS

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A MUSHROOM IS_________________.

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A REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE THAT RELEASES SEXUAL SPORES

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SPORES RELEASED FROM A MUSHROOM'S GILLS ARE______________.

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PRODUCED BY MEIOSIS

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____________BY YEAST HELPS US PRODUCE BREAD, SOY SAUCE, AND ETHANOL AS A BIOFUEL.

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FERMENTATION

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A_______HELPS TO BREAK DOWN ROCKS AND FORM SOIL.

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LICHEN

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_________ARE MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI WITH HYPHAE THAT GROW INTO A ROOT CELL AND BRANCH INSIDE IT.

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GLOMEROMYCETES

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A TRUFFLE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A _____________.

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MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS

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FROGS WORLDWIDE ARE NOW THREATENED BY A PATHOGENIC__________NATIVE TO AFRICA.

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CHYTRID

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HUMAN FUNGAL INFECTIONS___________.

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USUALLY INVOLVE THE SKIN

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FILAMENT OF MYCELUIM

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HYPHA

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COMPONENT OF FUNGAL CELL WALLS

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CHITIN

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PRODUCES FLAGELLATED SPORES

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CHYTRID

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BREAD MOLD IS AN EXAMPLE

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ZYGOTE FUNGUS

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MANY FORM MUCHROOMS

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CLUB FUNGUS

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PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN A FUNGUS AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC CELLS

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LICHEN

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FUNGUS-ROOT PARTNERSHIP

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MYCORRHIZA

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FUNGI-KEY CONCEPTS:

ABSORPTIVE FEEDERS-FUNGI/SINGLE CELLED & MULTICELLED

SPORE PRODUCTIONS-ASEXUALLY & SEXUALLY

FRUITING BODIES-MUSHROOMS ARE FUNGAL FRUITING BODIES

FUNGAL ECOLOGY-DECOMPOSERS

HUMAN USES OF FUNGI-WE EAT FUNGI, ENLIST THEM TO PRODUCE FOODS/DRINKS,GENETIC STUDIES, EXTRACT MEDICINAL/PSYCHOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM THEM

TAKE HOME MESSAGE

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FUNGI SECRETE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES ONTO ORGANIC MATTER AND ABSORB THE RELEASED NUTRIENTS. THEY LIVE AS SINGLE CELLS OR, MORE OFTEN, AS A MULTICELLED MYCELIUM. MOST ARE DECOMPOSERS BUT SOME LIVE IN OR ON OTHER ORGANISMS.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

SAC FUNGI AND CLUB FUNGI HAVE HYPHAE WITH CROSS-WALLS. SOME MEMBERS OF BOTH GROUPS FORM LARGE FRUITING BODIES.

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FUNGI DISPERSE BY RELEASING SPORES THAT FORM BY EITHER MITOSIS OR MEIOSIS. ONLY THE OLDEST LINEAGE, THE CHYTRIDS, PRODUCES FLAGELLATED SPORES.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE

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GLOMEROMYCETE FUNGI ARE SOIL FUNGI WHOSE HYPHAE BRANCH INSIDE CELL WALLS OF ROOT CELLS. ZYGOTE FUNGI ARE TYPICALLY MOLDS.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

THE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC WASTES AND REMAINS BY FUNGAL DECOMPOSERS RELEASES NUTRIENTS THAT OTHER ORGANISMS CAN USE

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

FUNGI THAT PARTNER WITH PLANT ROOTS OR LIVE IN THE ANIMAL GUT ENHANCE THE NUTRITION OF THEIR HOSTS. FUNGI ALSO PARTNER WITH CYANOBACTERIS OR GREEN ALGAE TO FORM A LICHEN.

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

PARASITIC FUNGI THAT INFECT PLANTS EITHER STEAL SUGARS FROM LIVING CELLS OR KILL CELLS AND DIGEST THEIR REMAINS.

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

FUNGI CAUSE DISEASE IN PLANTS MORE OFTEN THAN IN ANIMALS. ANIMALS WITH A HIGH BODY TEMPERATURE ARE LEAST SUSCEPTIBLE TO FUNGAL DISEASES.

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

HUMAN FUNGAL INFECTIONS USUALLY INVOLVE BODY SURFACES AND ARE RARELY LIFE-THREATENING.

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

WE EAT FUNGAL FRUITING BODIES AND USE YEASTS TO PRODUCE FOODS & BEVERAGES. YEASTS ARE ALSO USED IN GENETIC STUDIES, IN PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEINS, AND TO SYNTHESIZE ETHANOL AS A BIOFUEL.

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

SOME FUNGI MAKE COMPOUNDS THAT ARE PRIZED FOR THEIR MEDICINAL OR PSYCHOACTIVE PROPERTIES.