Biology 1107 Chap. 5

Front 1

Glycine:

Back 1

(Gly)
-Nonpolar
-Only Amino acid without a asymmetric carbon.

Front 2

Alanine:

Back 2

(Ala)
-Nonpolar

Front 3

Valine:

Back 3

(Val)
-Nonpolar

Front 4

Leucine:

Back 4

(Leu)
--Nonpolar

Front 5

Isoleucine:

Back 5

(Ile)
-Nonpolar

Front 6

Methionine:

Back 6

(Met)
-Nonpolar

Front 7

Phenylalanine:

Back 7

(Phe)
-Nonpolar

Front 8

Tryptophan:

Back 8

(Trp)
-Nonpolar

Front 9

Proline:

Back 9

(Pro)
-Nonpolar

Front 10

Serine:

Back 10

(Ser)
-Polar

Front 11

Threonine:

Back 11

(Thr)
-Polar

Front 12

Cysteine:

Back 12

(Cys)
-Polar

Front 13

Tyrosine:

Back 13

(Tyr)
-Polar

Front 14

Asparagine:

Back 14

(Asn)
-Polar

Front 15

Glutamine:

Back 15

(Gln)
-Polar

Front 16

Aspartic Acid:

Back 16

(Asp)
-Electrically charged (Acidic)

Front 17

Glutamic acid:

Back 17

(Glu)
-Electrically charged (Acidic)

Front 18

Lysine:

Back 18

(Lys)
-Electrically charged (Basic)

Front 19

Arginine:

Back 19

(Arg)
-Electrically charged (Basic)

Front 20

Histidine:

Back 20

(His)
-Electrically charged (Basic)

Front 21

Nonpolar Amino Acids:

Back 21

Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Proline

Front 22

Polar Amino Acids:

Back 22

Serine
Threonine
Cysteine
Tyrosine
Asparagine
Glutamine

Front 23

Acidic Amino acids:

Back 23

-Side chains are generally negative in charge owing to the prescence of a carboxyl group, which is usually dissociated (ionized) at cellular pH.
-(All amino acids have carboxyl groups and amino groups; the terms acidic and basic in this context refer only to groups on the side chains.)

-Aspartic acid
-Glutamic acid

Front 24

Basic Amino acids:

Back 24

-Have amino groups in their side chains that are generally positive in charge.
-All amino acids have carboxyl groups and amino groups; the terms acidic and basic in this context refer only to groups on the side chains.)

-Lysine
-Arginine
-Histidine

Front 25

Nucleic acids:

Back 25

Two types are DNA and RNA

Front 26

Structure of Nucleic acids:

Back 26

-Polymers called Polynucleotides made up of monomers called nucleotides.
-Nucleotide is composed of three parts: a nitrogenous base, a pentose (five-carbon sugar), and a phosphate group.
-Polynucleotides are formeb when adjacent nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds called phosphodiester linkages between the -OH group on the 3' Carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate on the 5' carbon of the next.

Front 27

Nitrogenous bases:

Back 27

Pyrimidines:
-Cytosine
-Thymine (in DNA)
-Uracil (in RNA)

Purines:
-Adenine
-Guanine

Front 28

Purine vs. Pyrimidine nitrogenous bases:

Back 28

-Pyrimidine is a single ring structure.

-Purines are larger and have a bicyclic structure.

Front 29

(Nucleotides) Deoxyribose vs. Ribose

Back 29

Deoxyribose has one less oxygen than Ribose. (Seems to be on the 2nd carbons.)

Front 30

DNA Double Helix:

Back 30

-Two polynucleotides, or strands, as they are called, are held together by hydrogen bonds between the paired bases.
-Adenine can pair only with thymine.
-Guanine can pair only with cytosine.
-It seems that Purines can only pair with Pyrmidines,(not with other Purines) Same goes for pyrimidines, cant pair with other pyrimidines.