Biology 11 Exam

Front 1

What are Lamarck assumptions

Back 1

Tendency towards perfection.

Organisms grow towards complexity and perfection.

Use and disuse.

Traits used commonly will be expressed in more organisms. We're as traits not used will disappear.

Inheritance of acquired traits.

Characteristics can be inharited.

Front 2

The significance of the Galapagos to Darwin.

Back 2

Much of his research took place there.

Front 3

What is the struggle for existence.

Back 3

An environment demands certain traits.

Front 4

Lamarck vs Darwin's theroy

Back 4

Lamarck believed that organisms who used a traits commonly it's offspring would have that trait even if it is unrelated to their genes.

Darwin believed change in a organism was pushed by it's environment.

Front 5

What is punctuated evolution

Back 5

Rapid change in a organism followed by long periods with none.

Front 6

Why does punctuated evolution suggest that the fossil record is complete.

Back 6

Because fossil records barely show organisms going through change.

Front 7

How do marsupials support evolution.

Back 7

Australia has a large amount of them where as the rest of the world dose not. Suggesting that the marsupials off Australia evolved into other mamals.

Front 8

How do fossil support evolution

Back 8

They show the history of organisms.

Front 9

How dose Biochemistry support evolution.

Back 9

Similarities in DNA suggest that a organism is related.

Front 10

How do vestigal structures support evolution.

Back 10

Organisms with vestigal structures do not need them so why have them. Evolution fills this gap.

Front 11

What is the system of eon periods eg.

Back 11

Front 12

What is a gene pool and why is it inportant.

Back 12

Gene pools are the combined genetic information of all members in a particular population. they are inportant because ratios of certain alleles push evolution.

Front 13

What is the nucleotide

Back 13

A segment of a DNA bond.

Front 14

What are the 4 base pairs in DNA

Back 14

Thymine - Adenine

Cytosine - Guanine

Front 15

Genetic drift

Back 15

Random selection of a population which Leeds to evolution.

Front 16

Species

Back 16

A group of organisms that produce fertile offspring.

Front 17

Speciation

Back 17

Is when one species gives rise to many.

Front 18

Evolutionary divergence

Back 18

Is when one species gives rise to many.

Front 19

Evolutionary convergence

Back 19

Is when organisms with different orgins develop similar traits. These are called analogous structures.

Front 20

Addaptive radiation

Back 20

When one organism evolves to fill many niches.

Front 21

Niche

Back 21

A job or role of a organism.

Front 22

What is the difference between old and new species

Back 22

Older ones are simple and newer ones are complex.

Front 23

Endospore

Back 23

A dormant stage of a bacteria, that can withstand harsh enviorments.

Front 24

Conjugation

Back 24

When bacteria form a tube between another to trade genetic information.

Front 25

Binary Fission

Back 25

Doubling a cells content to later split to form to daughter cells.

Front 26

Prokaryotic

Back 26

A cell that lacks a nucleus.

Front 27

Gram positive

Back 27

Bacteria Only absorbs Violet, indicating it has one outer membrane layer of peptidoglycan.

Front 28

Gram negative

Back 28

Bacteria stained red, indicating a second layer of lipids and carbs.

Front 29

Bacilli

Back 29

Rod shaped bacteria

Front 30

Cocci

Back 30

Sphere shaped bacteria

Front 31

Spirilla

Back 31

Spiral shaped bacteria

Front 32

Photoheterotrophs

Back 32

Is photosynthetic, but also needs to consume organic compounds.

Front 33

Autotrophic

Back 33

Creates organic compounds

Front 34

Heterotrophic

Back 34

Consumes organic compounds

Front 35

Phototrophic

Back 35

Produces organic compounds through photosynthesis

Front 36

Chemotrophic

Back 36

Produces organic compounds from inorganic compounds. Through chemical synthesis.

Front 37

Saprophytic

Back 37

Absorbs nutrition from decaying matter.

Front 38

Obligate arobes

Back 38

Can not live without oxygen, produces energy with it.

Front 39

Anaerobic

Back 39

Produces energy without oxygen

Front 40

Facultative anarobes

Back 40

Can survive with or without oxygen

Front 41

Symbiotic bacteria

Back 41

Break down food in digestion

Front 42

Lysogenic virus infection

Back 42

Virus DNA inserts it's self into a cells chromosome, and becomes latent, As the cell divides it's content along with the viruses DNA.

Front 43

First line of protection from pathogens

Back 43

Barriers: skin, mucus, hair,

Front 44

Second line of defense from pathogens

Back 44

Phagocytes, white blood cells inflame area and destroy.

Fever, and interferon protein.

Front 45

Third line of protection from pathogens

Back 45

Antibodies

Front 46

Rhizoids

Back 46

structures that penetrate a surface

Front 47

Gametangia

Back 47

When two different fungi stolons meet.

Front 48

Zygospore

Back 48

Part of a fungus life cycle that fuses DNA. Later a sporangiophore is produced from it.

Front 49

Sporangium

Back 49

Holds spores in zygomycota

Front 50

Basidiomycota

Back 50

Club fungi

Front 51

Ascomycota

Back 51

Sac fungi

Front 52

Asci in fungi

Back 52

Sexual Reproductive filament like structures in ascomycetes

Front 53

How does the fruiting body form in ascomycetes

Back 53

From the gametangia

Front 54

Name as many parts of a bacteria as you can.

Back 54

Front 55

What is the function pili on bacteria

Back 55

To attach to surfaces

Front 56

What the trichocysts

Back 56

Structures that release stiff projections as defense

Front 57

Contractive vacuole

Back 57

Controls amount of water in a cell

Front 58

Macronucleus

Back 58

Contains multiple copies of DNA

Front 59

Micronucleus

Back 59

Contains the reverse copy of genes

Front 60

Gullet and oral groove

Back 60

Digestive indent on the cell, used to sweep food particles into.

Front 61

Plasmodium sporozoites

Back 61

Protist responsible for Malaria

Front 62

Food vacuole

Back 62

A digestive sac in a cell

Front 63

Basidia

Back 63

Hair like structures in basidiomycota enrolled with fertilization.

Front 64

Stolons

Back 64

Reporductive root part of zygomycetes

Front 65

Red alge

Back 65

Rhodophyta

Front 66

Green algae

Back 66

Chlorophyta

Front 67

Brown algae

Back 67

Phaeophyta

Front 68

Where do each phylum of algae live in the water level.

Back 68

Green high

Brown mid

Red deep

Front 69

Chlorophyll types in algae

Back 69

Green a,b

Brown a,c

Red a,d

Front 70

Gonad

Back 70

Gametes producing organs.

Front 71

What is the dominant part of moss

Back 71

Gametophyte

Front 72

What is the female part of bryophytes

Back 72

Archegonia

Front 73

What is the male part of byrophytes

Back 73

Antheridia

Front 74

What is the immature stage of a bryophyte

Back 74

Protonema

Front 75

Deuteromycota

Back 75

Imperfect fungi

Front 76

How do zygomycetes sexually reproduce

Back 76

A positive and negative stolon meet and create a gametangia which forms a zygospore and shuffles their DNA to create a sporangiophore.

Front 77

Mycelium

Back 77

Underground network of hyphae