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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosome |
Strand of DNA (wrapped around proteins) |
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Gene |
Section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein |
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Alleles |
Different versions of the same gene |
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Homologous chromosomes |
Chromosomes that carry the same genes (may contain different alleles of the gene). Homologous chromosomes will be the same shape and length. |
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Diploid |
A cell containing both chromosomes in each homologous pair (diploid human cells contain two pairs of 23 chromosomes = 46 chromosomes) |
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Haploid |
A cell that contains one chromosome from each homologous pair of chromosomes (haploid human cells contain 23 chromosomes) |
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Meiosis |
A type of cell division that produces haploid gametes (sex cells) |
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Mitosis |
A type of cell division that produces diploid cells, this type of cell division is used for growth/repair/asexual reproduction |
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Genotype |
Alleles an organism has for a certain characteristic |
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Phenotype |
How a gene is expressed: the 'appearance' of an organism resulting from it's genotype |
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Homozygous |
Genotype with the same alleles of a gene |
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Heterozygous |
Genotype with different alleles for a gene |
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Dominant |
Allele of a gene that is expressed in heterozygote |
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Recessive |
Allele that is not expressed in the phenotype when a dominant allele of the gene is present |
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Genome |
The entire DNA of an organism |
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Mutation |
A rare, random change in genetic material that can be inherited |
