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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antigen |
Is a foreign substance that when introduced into the body is recognized as "nonself" and activates the immune system |
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Nonspecfic or innate immunity |
Is always prepared to defend body against disease. Present at birth and short term protection against any antigen. Intact skin, phagocytes, natural killer cells, fever |
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Specific or adaptive immunity |
Must be primed by an initial exposure to an antigen. Body can respond quickly to future exposure by remebering the encounter with a specific pathogen. Humoral or cell-mediated immunity |
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Intact skin |
Prevents entry of pathogens. Creates chemical components like tears, saliva, sweat and sebum to destroy foreign invaders. Innate |
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Mucous Membranes & Cilia hairs |
Trap and sweep pathogens that try to come into the body. Innate |
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Phagocytosis |
Leukocytes (white blood cells) like neutrophils and macro phages that engulf and destroy pathogens |
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Pathogens |
Disease causing microorganisms. Innate |
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Complement |
Group of plasma cells that assist in destruction of foreign cells. Innate |
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Natural Killer Cells |
Type of leukocyte that recognize and eliminate virus-infected cells and cancer cells. Secrete chemicals that cause pores to form in membrane of foreign cell leading to its death. Innate |
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Interferons |
Antiviral proteins produced by some animals cells after viral infections. Helps uninfected cells resist infection. Increase macro phages and Natural killer cells. Innate |
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Fever |
Systemic response to an infection to slowing the growth rate of some pathogens. Increases effect of interferon, enhances phagocytes, stimulates antibody production, and accelerating tissue repair. Innate |
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Inflammation |
Triggered by infection, trauma, intense heat, and chemicals. Prevents spread of pathogens, disposes of cell debris, and aids in repair of damaged cells. Innate |
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Humoral immunity |
Action of antibodies which are proteins produced by white blood cells called B cells. Defend against bacterial toxins and bacterial cells. Adaptive |
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Cell-mediated immunity |
Defense against viruses, abnormal cells, other intracelluar pathogens. Arm of immune system that rejects organ transplants and tissue graphs. T Cells are responsible for this kind of immunity. Adaptive |
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Memory B cells |
Responsible for a more potent and rapid antibody response during subsequent exposures to the same antigen |
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Helper T cells |
Become activated by an antigen that was engulfed and digested by a phagocyte and presented to the helper T cell. Produces clones and long lived cells. Clones stimulate antibody responses to pathogen. Memory T cells can mobilize rapidly |
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Cytotoxic T cells |
Activated by antigens displayed of infected cells, abnormal cells, and transplanted organs and tissues. Produces clones and memory T cells. They kill infected and abnormal cells (also organ and tissue transplants). |
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Autoimmunity |
Individuals develop antibodies called autoantibodies to their own tissues or self antigens |
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Lupus |
Chronic autoimmune disease affects the skin, joints, heart, lungs, blood, kidneys, and brain. SLE= affects vital organs Cutaneous lupus DILE neonatal noncontagious, chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory Raynaurd's phenomenon |
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Scleroderma |
Chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder of connective tissue. Idipathic; hardening, thickening and shrinking of skin and internal organs. |
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Type I hypersensitivity |
Is a local allergy, occuring rapidly where the allergen encounters the body. Increase production of Histamine because of IgE binds to mast cells. Histamine dilates blood vessels causing plasma to leak into tissues. Edema localized in nasal passages causes hay fever |
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Anaphylaxis |
A systemic, acute allergic response that might be life-threatening. peanuts, latex, and medicine |
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) |
Is a disease of the immune system characterized by a reduction of the number of helper T cells and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and certain cells |
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
Starts with a short flulike illness. Second stage clinically asymptomatic lasts 10 years with no sx. Patient then experiences sx and signs that can last for several years. Last stage is transition from HIV to AIDS. |
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
Cancer of the immune system. Idiopathic, large, swollen lymph nodes. Abnormal lymphocytes. Reed-Sternburg cells classified as Hodgkin's. Nonhodgkin's doesn't have cells |
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Lymphatic System |
Network of vessels, nodes, and immune system that defends body against pathogens, foreign particles, & abnormal body cells. |
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Lymph |
Fluid within lymphatic vessels ends up in circulatory system (bloodstream). Contain: tissue fluid, debris, bacteria, viruses. etc. Can "show" immune cells potential threat |
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Lymph nodes |
Filter nodes, shows foreign cells to immune cells (WBCs). Part of Lymph organs |
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Tonsils |
Lymphatic tissue, back of throat, contact with ingested inhaled pathogens. Part of Lymph organs |
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Thymus |
Houses maturing lymphocytes (immune cells) |
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Spleen & Mucosa, Associative Lymph Tissues |
Places where immune cells reside |
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Excess tissue to Lymph Nodes to Lymph ducts to Circulatory System |
Process |
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Immunoglobulin function |
IgG= Primary and secondary response; long term IgM= Primary, large; short term IgA= Muscosal Secretions IgE = Allergy IgD = Activates cells |
