Biology 101 Exam #1

Front 1

C1. How many domains of life are there? What are they?

Back 1

3, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Front 2

C1. What are the first 5 levels in the hierarchy of life?

Back 2

1. Biosphere

2. Ecosystems

3. Communities

4. Populations

5. Organisms

Front 3

C1. In Latin, "science" means:

Back 3

To know

Front 4

C1. Discovery science has:

Back 4

No hypothesis

Front 5

C1. What are the steps of the scientific method?

Back 5

1. Observation

2. Question

3. Hypothesis

4. Prediction

5. Experiment

6. No and Yes loops

7. Conclusion

Front 6

C1. What did Jane Goodall observe

Back 6

Chimpanzees and their behavior

Front 7

C2. The building blocks of matter are:

Back 7

The elements

Front 8

C2. How many elements occur naturally on Earth?

Back 8

92

Front 9

C2 What determines the atomic number of an element?

Back 9

The number of protons

Front 10

C2 What determines the atomic mass of an element?

Back 10

The number of protons and neutrons combined

Front 11

C2. How many electrons can the inner most electron shell contain?

Back 11

2

Front 12

C2 How many electrons can each outer electron shells contain?

Back 12

8

Front 13

C2 How many elements are essential to life?

Back 13

about 25

Front 14

C2 What elements make up about 96% of the human body?

Back 14

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

Front 15

C2 What are molecules?

Back 15

Substances that contain two more elements at a fixed ratio

Front 16

C2 What makes up an atom's nucleus?

Back 16

Protons and Neutrons

Front 17

C2 What is an ion?

Back 17

An atom with a negative or positive charge.

Front 18

C2 What is an ionic bond?

Back 18

When atoms take or give away electrons PERMANENTLY and then become attracted to eachother by their opposite charges.

Front 19

C2 What is a covalent bond? Is it permanent?

Back 19

When atoms share electrons and no

Front 20

C2 Why do atoms bond?

Back 20

Because atoms have a preference to have their outer most electron shell filled in

Front 21

C2 What is an isotope?

Back 21

When an atoms has more or less neutrons compared to its number of protons

Front 22

C2 Cells are composed of ____-_____% water

Back 22

70-95

Front 23

C2 Why is H2O polar?

Back 23

Because the electrons are shared unequally between the two types of atoms, taking more time to circle the Oxygen atom

Front 24

C2 Hydrogen Bonds are:

Back 24

Weak

Front 25

C2 Cohesion means?

Back 25

When alike molecules stick together.

Front 26

C2 Adhesion means?

Back 26

When not alike molecules stick together.

Front 27

C2 The flow of water is tree go _____. What causes this?

Back 27

Up, evaporation

Front 28

C2 Hydrogen bonds have a _____ _______ surface tension.

Back 28

unsually high

Front 29

C2 Evaporation is a _______ mechanisms for organisms.

Back 29

Cooling

Front 30

C2 Why does ice float?

Back 30

Ice has a lighter density than liquid water because water expands when it freezes. buoyancy

Front 31

C2 A layer of ice can act like what?

Back 31

A lid or like a temperature buffer

Front 32

C2 A solution is?

Back 32

A liquid where two or more substances are mixed.

Front 33

C2 A water solution is called?

Back 33

an aqueous solution

Front 34

C2 A solvent is the ______, while the solute is the ______

Back 34

dissolving liquid, dissolving substance

Front 35

C2 What determines an acid from a base?

Back 35

An acid has a higher relative amount of H+ ions while a base has a lower relative amount of H+ ions

Front 36

C2 What measurement do we use to measure acidity? What # is considered neutral?

Back 36

pH, 7

Front 37

C2 What are more harmful to the body, basics or acids?

Back 37

Basics

Front 38

C2 What do buffers do?

Back 38

help stabilize pH levels

Front 39

C3 Carbon can have up to how many covalent bonds?

Back 39

4

Front 40

C3 Methane is a ______.

Back 40

Symmetric Hydrocarbon

Front 41

C3 What are the 4 common functional groups?

Back 41

1. Hydroxyl

2. Carbonyl

3. Amino

4. Carboxyl

Front 42

C3 Macromolecules are:

Back 42

large groups of molecules

Front 43

C3 What are the 4 most important macromolecules?

Back 43

1. Cabrohydrates

2. Proteins

3. Lipids

4. Nucleic Acids

Front 44

C3 Cabrohydrates are:

Back 44

Sugars/ energy

Front 45

C3 Starch comes from:

Back 45

Plants

Front 46

C3 Monomers, Dimers, and Polymers for carbs are?

Back 46

Monosaccharids, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

Front 47

C3 Sucrose is also known as:

Back 47

table sugar

Front 48

C3 Glycogen is from:

Back 48

animals

Front 49

C3 Cellulose is the ______ on Earth

Back 49

most abundant organic substance

Front 50

C3 Lipids are _______ polymers.

Back 50

not true

Front 51

C3 hydrophilic is _________ while hydrophobic is ______

Back 51

water-loving, afraid of water

Front 52

C3 Categories of lipids include:

Back 52

Fats, oils, waxes, steriods and hormones

Front 53

C3 How do lipids react to water?

Back 53

they don't react/mix

Front 54

C3 What seperates unsaturated fats from saturated fats?

Back 54

Unsaturated fats have a double bond between at least two carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain

Front 55

C3 Hydrogenation means

Back 55

Hydrogen atoms are artifically added

Front 56

C3 Oils come from _____, fats come from _______

Back 56

plants, animals

Front 57

C3 Transfats can lead to

Back 57

Heart Disease

Front 58

C3 All steriods have what?

Back 58

the same ordered four carbon rings

Front 59

C3 Protein have how many different monomers?

Back 59

20

Front 60

C3 Protein monomers are called

Back 60

amino acids

Front 61

C3 Proteins are responsible for

Back 61

Conducting the body's processes

Front 62

C3 A bond between the carbon atom and nitrogen atom of two amino acids is called?

Back 62

a peptide bond

Front 63

C3 The human body has how many proteins?

Back 63

about 30,000

Front 64

C3 Denaturation is _______ caused by______

Give example

Back 64

the unraveling or lose of shape of a protein, unfavorable temperature or pH changes.

Cooking steak

Front 65

C3 How many levels of structure do proteins have

Back 65

4

Front 66

C3 Secondary structures of proteins contain two types of structure.

Back 66

Pleated sheets and alpha helixes

Front 67

C3 What are the two types of nucleic acids

Back 67

DNA and RNA

Front 68

C3 DNA has _______ while RNA has_______

Back 68

two strands, one strand

Front 69

C3 Nucleic acid monomers are called

Back 69

nucleotides

Front 70

C3 Nucleotide structures have three pieces

Back 70

Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Front 71

C3 Nucleic acids are a form of what?

Back 71

information

Front 72

C3 how many different kinds of nitrogenous bases are there

Back 72

4

Front 73

C3 Where do two nucleotides connect

Back 73

at the phosphate group

Front 74

C3 DNA's Thymine (T) turns into RNA's _______

Back 74

Uracil (U)

Front 75

C4 What are the two categories of Prokaryotic cells

Back 75

1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

Front 76

C4 What are the 3 things all cells have?

Back 76

1. Plasma membrane

2. DNA

3. Ribosomes

Front 77

C4 Protists are?

Back 77

unicellular eukaryotes

Front 78

C4 Viruses are not considered organisms because 2 things

Back 78

1. They are not cellular

2. They cannot reproduce by themselves

Front 79

C4 The most accurate model for the phospholipid bilayer is

Back 79

the fluid mosaic model

Front 80

C4 what is the superficial difference between rough ER and smooth ER

Back 80

rough ER has ribosomes on the outside

Front 81

C4 which is closer to the nucleus, rough or smooth ER

Back 81

rough ER

Front 82

C4 Vesicles do what?

Back 82

contain and transport protien precursor molecules

Front 83

C4 Golgi Apparatus does what?

Back 83

Refines, stores and repackages proteins and send them to areas in and out of the cell

Front 84

C4 Lysosomes do what?

Back 84

act as internal cell disgestive system

Front 85

C4 Only plant cells have three things

Back 85

1. Cell walls

2. Central vacuoles

3. Chloroplasts

Front 86

C4 Mitochondria do what.

Back 86

Process the cell's energy