Biology 101

Front 1

Fungi
(Importance)

Back 1

-Most important orgamisms; ecological and economic roles
-powerful enzymes that breakdown organic substances.
-Provide numerous drugs: Penicillin and other antibiotics.

Front 2

Fungi
(Auto-or-heterotrophic?)

Back 2

-Heterotrophic; animal-like

Front 3

Growth Form

Back 3

mostly multicellular

Front 4

Fungi Walls and description

Back 4

Chitin-hardshells and rigid. Unable to engulf small microorganisms.

Front 5

Habitat

Back 5

Terrestrial and Aquatic

Front 6

Movement

Back 6

Chytrids

Front 7

Life cycle

Back 7

zygotic meiosis

Front 8

Mycorrhizae

Back 8

Vascular plant species form mutually beneficial associations.

Front 9

Hyphae

Back 9

Fungal filaments that grow rapidly

Front 10

Mycellium

Back 10

Mass of hyphae

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Septa

Back 11

crosswalls

Front 12

Aseptate

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lacking hyphae, or crosswalls.

Front 13

coenocytic

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hyphae containing septa, or crosswalls.

Front 14

How they feed?

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Feed by secreting enzymes, called exozymes, onto a food source and then absord the smaller molecules that are left.

Front 15

Absorb where?

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absorb mostly at or near the growing tips of their hyphae.

Front 16

Saprophytes or saprositic

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absorb non-living materials

Front 17

Parasites or parasitic

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absorb living materials

Front 18

Glycogen in fungi

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primary storage

Front 19

Lipids in fungi

Back 19

important storage function.

Front 20

Rhizoids

Back 20

anchor some fungi to the substrate.

Front 21

Haustoria

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-absord nourishment directly form cells of other organisms
-specialized hyphae in parasitic fungi

Front 22

Fungi reproduction

Back 22

Asexually and sexually

Front 23

Sporangia

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most common method of asexual reproduction

Front 24

Sporangiophore

Back 24

a branch bearing one or more sporangia, or hollow structure.

Front 25

Conidia

Back 25

an asexual fungal spore

Front 26

conidiogenous cells

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hyphal cells

Front 27

Plasmogamy

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fusion of protoplasts

Front 28

Karyogamy

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Fusion of nuclei; or marriage of the nuts

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dikaryon

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"Two nuclei"

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endomycorrhizae

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penetrate plant root cells

Front 31

ectomycorrihizae

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surround the root tip

Front 32

Zygomycota
(parasitic,saprositic, or both)

Back 32

parasitic and saprositic

Front 33

Zygomycota hyphae

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coenocytic, or having septa.

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Life cycle

Back 34

1N

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Stolons

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arching hyphae

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zygospores

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formation of sexually produced resting spores

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zygosporangia

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thick-walled structure that zygospores develop in.

Front 38

heterothallic

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+ and - strains for sexual reproduction

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homothallic

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self-fertile species.

Front 40

septate

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divided by crosswalls

Front 41

Ascomycota growth form

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unicellular or filamentous

Front 42

Ascomycota reproduction

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Asexually

Front 43

how do they produce spores?

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produce spores externally as conidia.

Front 44

conidiophore

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hypha on which one or more conidia are produced.

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ascus

Back 45

sac-like structure

Front 46

ascospores

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spore produced within an ascus

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hymenium

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layer of asci on an ascoma

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ascoma or ascocarp

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complex structure composed of tightly interwoven hyphae.

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crozier

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hooked tip

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dikaryotic

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contain two compatible haploid nuclei.

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basidium

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club-shaped spore producing structure always 4 spores

Front 52

basidiophore

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1N spores

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doliphore

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-more regulation
-barrel or doughnut shaped margin

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clamp connection

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ensures that each cell of the hypha will contain two dissimilar nuclei.

Front 55

sterigma

Back 55

connect the basidiophores to the club

Front 56

spermatia

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sticky,unicellulate cells

Front 57

perphyses

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hold droplets of sugary, sweet-smelling nectar.

Front 58

spermogonia

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structure that produces spermatia in Rusts

Front 59

heteroecious

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requires two hosts to complete life cycles

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autoecious

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require only one host

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aeciospores

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spore of Rust fungi. n+n. carried to the wheat

Front 62

urediniospores

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red unicellular spore

Front 63

teliospores

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dikaryotic two-celled

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budding and occurs in what fungus

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production of small outgrowth
-common reproduction in yeast

Front 65

lichen

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symbiosis-living together

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Foliose

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leafy

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fruticose

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erect and branched;shrubby

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crustose

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encrusted

Front 69

mycobiont

Back 69

fungal component of lichen

Front 70

photobiont

Back 70

photosynthetic component of lichen