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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosynthesis |
plants, bacteria transform light energy into chemical energy using carbon dioxide and water as starting materials. Chemical energy produced via photsyn. is stored in the bonds of the sugar molecules. Requires water , veins carry it from roots to leaves in photosynthetic cells. |
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Autotrophs |
organisims that generate their own organic matter from inorganic ingredients. Make their own food without consuming molecules from other organisms |
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chloroplasts |
photosyn in plants and algae occur within light absorbing organelles called chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant have chloroplasts. Leaves have most chloroplasts. Concentrated on interior cells of leaves. Carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits by way of tiny pores called stomata. Has a double membrane envelope |
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chlorophyll |
light absorbing pigment in the chloroplasts that play a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy. Where the green color comes from. |
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stroma |
thick fluid, chloroplasts inner membrane encloses a compartment filled with stroma. Thylakoids, interconnected membranous sacs are in the stroma. The thylakoids are in stacks called grana. Calvin cycle happens here |
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thylakoids |
where the light reaction happens, water and light enter and produce oxygen and ATP and NADPH (electron carrier). Energy transfers to calvin cycle with carbon dioxide and ATP AND NADPH. Glucose goes out from there |
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Photosnythesis |
Occurs in 2 stages- Light reaction and Calvin cycle. No sugar is created during light reactions. ATP provides the energy for sugar synthesis. NADPH provides high energy electrons for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose. |
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wavelength |
distance between the crests of two adjacent waves |
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electromagnetic spectrum |
radiation range from short wave lengths of gama rays to very long wavelengths of radio signals. Visible light is only a small fraction of the spectrum |
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chlorophyll a chlorophyll b |
absorbs mainly blue-violet and red light. Participates directly in light reactions
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chlorophyll b |
absorbs mainly blue and orange light. does not participate directly in light reactions |
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carotenoids |
family of yellow-orange pigments that are in chloroplasts, absorb mainly blue-green light. Some pass energy to cholorphyll a, others have a protective function. |
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photon |
fixed quantity of light energy. The shorter the wavelength of light the greater the energy of a photon. When a pigment molecule absorbs a photon, one of the pigment's electrons gains energy and the electron becomes excited, electron has been raised from ground state to excited state. |
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photosystem |
chlorophyll is organized with other molecules into photosystems. Cluster of a few hundred pigment molecules. The cluster of pigment molecules functions as a light gathering antenna. |
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primary electron acceptor |
traps the light excited electron from the chlorophyll a in the reaction center. Another team of molecules built into the thylakoid membrane then used the trapped energy to make ATP and NADHP |
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photosytems |
2 types cooperate in the light reaction. 1. photons excite electrons in the chlorophyll of the water-splitting photosytem. 2. Energized electrons from the watersplitting photosystem pass down an electron transport chain to the NADPH producing photosytem. 3. The NADPH producing photosystem transfers its light excited electrons to NADP reducing to NADPH |
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Equation of photosynthesis |
6 CO2+6 H20>c6h1206+6 O2 |
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NADPH |
electron carrier, when chlorophyll in plants absorb solar energy and converts it into chemical energy in the form of ATM and NADPH |
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Calvin Cycle |
2nd stage of photosnythesis, takes place within the stroma of a chloroplast |
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c3 plants |
plants that employ the calvin cycle to convert solar energy into G3P |
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c4 plants or CAM plants |
some plants have adapted alternative strategies that allow photosynthesis to proceed without significant water loss. |
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glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate |
an energy rich sugar molcule that is made from Calvin Cycle |
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heterotrophs |
organisms that consume plants or other animals |
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Chlorophyll a and b carotenoids xanthophylls |
reflects green reflects orange, red and yellow (orange) reflects red and yellow (yellow) |
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stomata |
gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs through small openings in the leaf |
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Rf values: Distance the pigment traveled/ distance the solvent traveled solvent travels 10 cm and pigment travels 3cm (higher the Rf factor, the more soluble that pigment is in the particular solvent) |
3cm/10cm=0.3000 (four decimal places= .3000 |
