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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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arithmetical increase
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an increase in numbers by an addition of a fixed number in each time period
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biosphere
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the interactive collection of all the world's ecosystems. also thought of as that portion of the earth that supports life
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carrying capacity K
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the maximum population density of a species that can be sustained in a given geographical area over time. in ecology, this is often denoted as k
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density dependent
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effects on a poulatin that increase or decrease in accordance with the size of that opulation. density dependent effects tend to involve biological factors
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density independent
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effects on a populationthat are not related to the size of that population. effects tend to involve physical forces, such as temperature and rain
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ecology
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the study of the interactions that living things ahve with each other and with their environment
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environmental resistance
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all the forces in the environment that act to limit the size of population
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exponential increase
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an incrase in numbers that is proportional to the number already in existence
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intrinsic rate of increase r
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the rate at which a poppulation would grow if there were no external limits on its growth. this is denoted as r
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K-selected species
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a species that tends to be relatively long lived, that tends to have relativvely few offspring for whom it proved a good deal of care, and whose population size tends to be relatively stable, remaining at or near its environment's carrying capacity
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life table
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a table showing how likely it is for an average species member to survive a givent unit
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logistic growth
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a form of population growht in which exponential growth slows and then stops in response to environmental resistence. also known as s shaped growth because when plotted on a graph, changes in the populations size resemble the letter s
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r selected species
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a species that tends to be relatively short lived, that tends to produce relatively many offspring for which it provides little or no care, and whose population sizee tends to fluctuate widely in reaction to an environment that it experiences as highly variable. also known as an opportunist species
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total fertility rate
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the average number of children born to each woman in a human population. the most important statistic used in predicting human population changes
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zero population growth
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state of population in which births exactly equal deaths in a given period
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