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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anticodon
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The end of the transfer RNA molecule that can bind with a a particular codon on the mRNA transcript
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codon
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An mRNA triplet that codes for a single amino acid or a start or a stop command in the translation stage of a protein
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genetic code
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The inventory of linkages between nucleotide triplets and the amino acids they code for. With few exceptions, the geneticcode is universal in living things
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Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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A type of RNA that encodes, and carries to ribosomes, information for the synthesis of protein
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polypeptide
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a series of amino acids linked in linear fashion. polypeptide chains fold up to become proteins
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ribosome
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An organelle, located in the cell's cytoplasm, that is the site of protein synthesis. The translation phase of protein synthesis takes place within ribosomes
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
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A type of RNA that, along with proteins, forms ribosomes
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RNA polymerase
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In transcription phase protein synthesis, the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix and puts together a chain of RNA nucleotides complementary to the exposed DNA nucleotides
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transcription
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In protein synthesis, the process which DNA's information is copied onto messenger RNA
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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In protein synthesis, a form of RNA that binds with amino acids, transfers them to ribosomes, and then binds with a messenger RNA sequence
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translation
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the process in which a polypeptide chain is produced within a ribosome based on the information encoded in messenger RNA. THis process, the second major stage in protein synthesis (after transcription), occurs in the cell's cytoplasm
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