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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biochemistry
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chemistry applied to biology
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atom
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composed of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
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Atomic #
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the number of Protons in atom
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Atoms with the same number of protons are ______.
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element.
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Atomic Weight
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the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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What are the 3 different kinds of bonds?
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Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen
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What is bonding?
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2 or more atoms coming together to form a molecule
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Does a molecule have to have two different elements?
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no, two of the same element can form a molecule
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Define:
Ionic bond |
electron transferred from one atom to another.
EX: salt (NaCl) (sodium & chloride) |
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Define:
Covalent bond |
electrons shared within a molecule; happens in organic organisms
EX: methane gas - Carbon + 4 Hydrogens |
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Define:
Hydrogen bond |
1 entire molecule has a charge and attracks molecules with the opposite charge, like a magnet
EX: water |
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What elements are listed as "found in the body"
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Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Sodium, Magnesium, and Chlorine
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What are the 3 most plentiful elements found in the body?
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Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen
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What percent of Hydrgen is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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10 %
mainly found in carbohydrates |
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What percent of Carbon is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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18 %
mostly in carbohydrates |
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What percent of Nitrogen is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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5 %
mainly in protein taken in from foods |
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78% or air is what?
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Nitrogen
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What percent of Oxygen is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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65 %
mostly carbohydrates |
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what does the formula
C6 H12 O6 stand for? |
glucose
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What percent of Phosphorus is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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less than 1 %
found in DNA, RNA, & ATP |
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What percent of Sulfur is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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less than 1 %
mainly in muscle |
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What percent of Soduim is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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less than 1 %
found in salt |
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What percent of Magnesium is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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less than 1 %
mostly in enzymes |
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What percent of Chlorine is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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less than 1%
found in salt |
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What percent of Potassium is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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less than 1%
mostly for nerve impulses |
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What percent of Calcium is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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less than 1%
found in bones and teeth |
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What percent of Iron is found in the body? And where is it mainly found?
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less than 1%
found in blood, specifically hemoglobin |
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Where is Copper found?
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found in plant tissue
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Where is Zinc found?
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found in plant tissue
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Characteristics of Inorganic molecules
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typically have no carbon (not always though), not made by living systems
Ex: salt, water, and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) |
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Characteristics of organic molecules
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WILL have carbon (always), are made by living organisms
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Why water (H2O) is in living organisms?
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* is a universal solvent (will break down anything)
* molecules are cohesive (stick together due to hydrogen bonding) * temperature of water rises and falls slowly * H2O tends to remain liqued |
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What are the Functional Groups (organic) listed?
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Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Ketone, Aldehyde, Amine, and Phosphate
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What need to know about
Hydroxyl? |
1 Oxygen and 1 Hydrogen attached to 1 Carbon
Mainly found in sugars |
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What need to know about
Carboxyl? |
2 Oxygens 1 Hydrogen attached to 1 Carbon
Mainly in sugar, amino acids,and fats |
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What need to know about
Ketones? |
2 Carbon groups
found in sugars and alcohols usually smell sweet |
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What need to know about
Aldehyde? |
mostly in sugar
1 Oxygen, 1 Hydrogen attached to 1 Carbon |
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What need to know about
Amine? |
2 Hydrogens attached to 1 Nitrogen attached to 1 Carboxyl group
Mainly in proteins and amino acids |
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What need to know about
Phosphate? |
O
(R)-O-P-oh OH PO4 found in bone, phospholipids, DNA, RNA, ATP |
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What carbohydrates are listed under organic?
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Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin
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What is the formula for the basic carbohydrate?
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C6 H12 O6
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starch?
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long chain of glucose
used for plant storage |
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Glycogen
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long chain of glucose with some chains shooting off
used for animal storage |
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Cellulose
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several long chains of glucose with random attachments in various places
used for plant structure |
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Chitin
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long chain of glucose with amino acids thrown in randomly.
found in fungi structure and animal exoskeleton |
