Biology 1

Front 1

what is osmosis?

Back 1

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Front 2

what is diffusion?

Back 2

movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentrations

Front 3

an unequal distribution of particles, called ......

Back 3

concentration gradient

Front 4

concentration gradient is a factor that controls....

Back 4

osmosis

Front 5

what is a concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is the same as concentrations dissolved inside the cell.

Back 5

isotonic solution

Front 6

in isotonic solution cell shape is...

Back 6

not changed

Front 7

when the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is greater than the concentration inside the cell

Back 7

hypertonic solution

Front 8

in what solution do cells loose water and shrivel up?

Back 8

hypertonic solution

Front 9

in what solution do cells swell as water comes into through osmosis

Back 9

hypotonic solution

Front 10

when concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell the concentration inside the cell.

Back 10

hypotonic solution

Front 11

passive transport is....

Back 11

the movement across the cell membrane without the use of energy.

Front 12

transport proteins that form channels to allow specific protein to pass thorugh the cell membrane

Back 12

channel protein

Front 13

transport protein that that change shape to allow substances to pass through the membrane

Back 13

carrier protein

Front 14

movement of material through the membrane against the concentration gradient and REQUIRES ENERGY.

Back 14

active transport

Front 15

endocytosis

Back 15

the process by which a cell surrounds and takes in a material from its environment. requires energy.

Front 16

exocytosis

Back 16

the expulsion of secretion from a cell. used to secrete wastes and other substances.

Front 17

what factors limit cell size?

Back 17

DNA
surface-area- to volume ratio
& diffusion

Front 18

cell division results in..

Back 18

results in two cells that are identical to the parent cell

Front 19

chromosomes are not the carriers of..

Back 19

of genetic material that is copied and passed down from generation that must be passed down accurately

Front 20

how many pair of chromosomes do humans have?

Back 20

23

Front 21

what is chromatin?

Back 21

chromatin is DNA that is not would up while the cell is diving.

Front 22

what are histones?

Back 22

is when DNA wraps around the proteins to form the "x" shaped is of chromatin in cell division.

Front 23

what are the 3 main stages of the cell cycle?

Back 23

-interphase
-mitosis
-cytokinesis

Front 24

list the 3 phases of interphase and what is it.

Back 24

interphase id the busiest part of the cell cycle.
1-cells grows faster and protein is is high
2-cell copies its chromosomes
3- organelles are manufactured and cells parts needed for division are assembled.

Front 25

phases of mitosis?

Back 25

cells undergo mitosis when they get to big to survive
1- prophase
2-metaphase
3-anaphase
4- telophase

Front 26

stringy chromatin coil up to visible sister chromatin and get ready to divide in which stage of mitosis?

Back 26

prophase

Front 27

double chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and are then pulled to the center of the cell in which phase of mitosis?

Back 27

metaphase

Front 28

sister chromatins are pulled apart during which phase of mitosis?

Back 28

anapahse

Front 29

is the final phase of mitosis in this












____stage new double membrane begins to form between the new nuclei

Back 29

telophase

Front 30

organ system?

Back 30

multiple organa that work together.

Front 31

multiple organs systems make ____.

Back 31

organisms

Front 32

what is the cell cycle controlled by?

Back 32

proteins and cyclins

Front 33

___ is a malignant growth resulting in incontrollable cell division

Back 33

cancer

Front 34

enzymes are controlled by ____ .

Back 34

genes

Front 35

what are genes?

Back 35

genes are segments of DNA that control the production of proteins

Front 36

enzymes are

Back 36

proteins

Front 37

advanced cancer can enter the blood system and spread through the entire body in a process called___.

Back 37

metastasis

Front 38

what is the 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S.

Back 38

cancer

Front 39

what i the 1st leading cause of death in the U.S.

Back 39

heart disease

Front 40

what are the most common types of cancer in the united states?

Back 40

lung, colon, breast and prostate.

Front 41

cancer can be caused...

Back 41

genetically or environmentally