Biology

Front 1

Define succession

Back 1

Its a way by which an individual/organism fill up an habitat that was originally empty

Front 2

A SYSTEM which contains ORGANISMS that INTERACT among THEMSELVES and their ENVIRONMENT leading to a FLOW OF ENERGY and cycling of materials which produce CLEARLY DEFINED TROPHIC LEVELS is called

Back 2

An Ecosystem

Front 3

What is a habitat and what are its main types

Back 3

It is a location where an organism can be found.

The main types of habitats include

1. Aquatic: Fresh water and Marine water

2. Terrestrial: Land and arboreal

Front 4

The process by which energy ⚡ move from one component part of the Ecosystem to another is called??

Back 4

Energy flow

Front 5

Abiotic components of the Ecosystem include

Back 5

Edaphic, (soil) factors

Climatic factors

Hydrological, (water) factors

Front 6

The nutrient cycle is also referred to as

Back 6

Biogeochemical cycle

Front 7

What is the 1st law of thermodynamics

Back 7

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed,but can be transformed from one form to another.

Front 8

Nitrogen Fixation, Ammonification, Nitrification, Denitrification are all examples of processes involved in

Back 8

The Nitrogen cycle

Front 9

State the 2nd law of thermodynamics.

Back 9

Energy flow is not always 100% 💯 efficient.

Front 10

What is a nutrient cycle

Back 10

Deals with the cyclic movement of materials (nutrients) in the Ecosystem

Front 11

During energy flow, what is the pattern of the movement??

Back 11

A one way activity i.e energy does not come back to its source.

Hint 11

Its not reversible 🔀

Front 12

Energy flow in an Ecosystem is controlled by??

Back 12

The laws of thermodynamics

Front 13

A reduction process that breaks down Nitrates to Atmospheric Nitrogen is called

Back 13

Denitrification

Hint 13

Helps remove excess Nitrogen in the soil

Front 14

The process by which elemental Nitrogen is converted Ammonia is called??

Back 14

Nitrogen Fixation

Front 15

Carbon cycle includes??

Back 15

1. Carbon Fixation through photosynthesis

2. Feeding

3. Respiration

4. Decomposition of dead, decaying matter

5. Rainfall

Front 16

An oxidation process that leads to the conversion of Nitrogen to Nitrate is called

Back 16

Nitrification

Hint 16

Nitrogen ➡ Nitrite ➡ Nitrate

Front 17

Ammonification is??

Back 17

Its the production of ammonia from dead organisms or excretory products.

Front 18

Carbon in tissues that escape decomposition form??

Back 18

They usually form fossil fuels found in crude oil.

Front 19

Nitrobacter helps convert??

Back 19

Nitrites to Nitrates

Front 20

What converts Ammonia to Nitrates

Back 20

Nitrosomonas.

Front 21

In the food chain, 🌿 ➡ 🐞 ➡ 🐸 ➡ 🐍, describe their various trophic levels

Back 21

🌿 - autotroph

🐞 - heterotroph

🐸 - primary consumer

🐍 - secondary consumer

Front 22

A linear feeding arrangement through which energy flows from one level to another in a UNIDIRECTIONAL manner is??

Back 22

Food chain 🔗

Hint 22

No organism can feed on more than one organism or be food to more than one organism

Front 23

How does Carbon can get into the atmosphere??

Back 23

1. Respiration (biological)

2. Burning of fossil fuel (non biological)

Front 24

A network of food chains where an organism can feed on /serve as food to more than one organism, have alternate food, can be either detritus or grazing is called

Back 24

Food web

Front 25

Dash serves as water reservoirs

Back 25

Aquatic ecosystem.

Hint 25

They exist as liquid.

Front 26

Water cycle processes includes

Back 26

1. Evaporation

2. Condensation

3. Precipitation (rainfall)

4. Transportation

Front 27

Types of food chain??

Back 27

1. Grazing food chain (chain begins with green plants or producers at the first trophic level)

2. Detritus food chain (chain begins with decomposers at the first trophic level)

Front 28

Define ecological succession

Back 28

It refers to more or less predictable and orderly set of changes that happen in the composition or structure of ecological community.

Hint 28

It describes what happens to an ecological community over time

Front 29

Define succession

Back 29

Its a way by which an individual/organism fill up an habitat that was originally empty

Front 30

The first set of organisms that move into an Ecosystem are called

Back 30

Colonizers/ pioneer organisms

Front 31

Succession in which an Ecosystem formerly with life, but lost it all and starts all over again is called??

Back 31

Secondary succession.

Front 32

Succession in an Ecosystem that has never had life is?

Back 32

Primary succession

Front 33

A tree dominated ecosystem is called?

Back 33

A forest

Front 34

Succession strategies in evolution include??

Back 34

1. R-strategy (colonizers)

2. K-strategy (competitors)

3. R-K strategy (switching between both strategies)

Front 35

Interactions between organisms of different species is called??

Back 35

Inter specific interactions

Front 36

Types of ecological succession include

Back 36

1. Natural succession

2. Artificial succession

Front 37

+ + interactions include??

Back 37

1. Mutualism (beneficial and obligatory to both parties)

2. Proto-operation.

Front 38

Reasons organisms interact are?.

Back 38

1. Reproduction

2. Shelter

3. Companionship

4. Feeding

5. Survival

Front 39

Interactions between organisms of same species is called?

Back 39

Intra specific interactions

Front 40

+ - interactions include

Back 40

1. Parasitism

2. Predation

Front 41

- - interactions include

Back 41

Competition

Front 42

+ 0 interactions include??

Back 42

1. Commensalism

Front 43

Differences between predation and parasitism

Back 43

1. Organisms are attached to each other in parasitism but not necessarily attached in predation

2. The host is bigger in size in parasitism but the predator is bigger in predation.

3. The parasite can cause the death of the host in parasitism while the predator kills and can consume the prey even when its alive.

4. Parasitism is specific, predation is non specific

Front 44

The introduction of FOREIGN substances which may or may not have any harmful effect on the environment is termed??

Back 44

Contamination

Front 45

Contamination that negatively affects the environment is described as?.

Back 45

Pollution

Front 46

The process of turning a rural area into a city is termed??

Back 46

Industrialization

Front 47

A pollutant is??

Back 47

A substance that causes pollution

Front 48

Increased level of green house gases, depletion of the ozone layer, decreased visibility, alteration of the structure and composition of the biosphere, low sperm production, value reduction (economic value, ecological value,and recreational value), accumulation of poisonous materials in the tissues of organisms, reduced IQ, infertility, developmental problems, reduced soil and water quality leading to reduced agricultural yield, and DEATH are effects of??

Back 48

Pollution.

Front 49

Increased level of green house gases leads to

Back 49

Increased green house effect

Front 50

What is biology and who used the term first??

Back 50

Biology is the study of life, coined from Bio meaning Life and Logos meaning study.

It was first used by Jean Larmarck in 1800 Germany

Front 51

The 4 unifying principles (foundation) of modern biology

Back 51

1. Cell theory

2. Evolution

3. Genetics

4. Homeostasis

Front 52

The basis upon which characters are transferred from generation to generation is called??

Back 52

Genetics

Front 53

What is homeostasis

Back 53

It refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a fairly constant internal environment

Front 54

A series of changes that occur in an organism through a long period of time is called??

Back 54

Evolution

Front 55

Heritable change in the structure of the DNA is??

Back 55

Mutation

Front 56

The hierarchy of increasing complexity in biology is??

Back 56

Atoms ➡ Molecules ➡Organelles ➡ Cells ➡ Tissues ➡ Organs ➡ Systems ➡Multicellular Organisms ➡Population ➡Community ➡ Ecosystem ➡ Biosphere

Front 57

The Compound Microscope was invented by??

Back 57

I.S HANS and Z. LANSEN

Front 58

Who first used the term "cell" to describe basic units??

Back 58

Robert Hooke

Front 59

All cells are classified as either??

Back 59

Prokaryotic Cells: No definate nucleus

Eukaryotic Cells: Definate nucleus.

Front 60

Archaea, Bacteria (both prokaryotic) and Eukarya are classified as

Back 60

The Domains of life.

Front 61

Sulpholomus, Thermoplules, Metanode, Herlophiles describe

Back 61

1. Sulpholomus organisms Can survive in sulphuric environments.

2. Thermoplules organisms can survive in places of high temperature.

3. Metanode Organisms can survive in areas where there are chemicals (methane).

4. Herlophiles organisms can survive in areas of high salinity.

Front 62

Protist, fungi, plantae and animalia have what in common??

Back 62

They are all Eukarya.

Front 63

Micro organisms are collectively known as and comprise of?

Back 63

Microbes.

They comprise bacteria, viruses, fungi, protocitists.

Front 64

A nutrient medium should contain??

Back 64

Source of Carbon,

Source of Nitrogen,

Source of Energy,

Growth factors or vitamins,

Mineral salts,

Water.

Front 65

Describe organisms class and the temperature at which they grow

Back 65

Ocean dwellers and polar regions: 0-5°C.

Hot Springs: 70°C or higher.

Thermophiles: optimum temp is above 45°C.

Mesophiles: 25-45°C, in mammals 37°with a maximum of 42-43°.

Sychrophiles: optimum temperature is below 5°C, can't grow above 20°C

Synchrotrophs: Above 15°Ccan also grow at muvh lower temp of 5°C.