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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetics
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scientific study of heredity
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fertilization
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male and female reproductive cells join
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true-breeding
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create identical offspring if allowed to self-pollinate
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trait
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specific characteristic
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hybrid
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offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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genes
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chemical factors that determine traits
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alleles
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different forms of genes
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segregation
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seperate on of things
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gametes
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specialized cell used during sexual reproduction
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probability
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likelihood something will happen
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punnett square
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diagram used to determine genetic genotypes
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homozygous
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two identical alleles for a particular trait
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heterozygous
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two different alleles for a particular trait
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phenotype
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physical characteristic
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genotype
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genetic make up
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homologous
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each chromosome from male parent has a corresponding one from the female
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diploid
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cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
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haploid
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only a single set of chromosomes therefore a single set of genes
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meiosis
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reduction division in which the number of chromosomes is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
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tetrad
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a structure created from a chromosome pairing with its homologous chromosome
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crossing-over
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chromosomes in a tetrad exchange portions of their chromatids
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transformation
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changed permanently to another thing
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bacteriophage
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bacteria eater
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nucleotides
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units that make up DNA
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base pairing
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hydrogen bonds between certain bases
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chromatin
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DNA and protein tightly packed together
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histones
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DNA tightly coiled around proteins making up chromatin
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replication
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When a cell duplicates its DNA
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DNA polymerase
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enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
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