Biological Species Concept

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GENETIC VARIATION

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VARIATION OF GEENTIC INFO IN A GENE POOL

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GENOME

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ALL GENETIC INFO IN AN ORGANISM/CELL

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GENOMIC SEQUENCING

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TECHNIQUE USED 2 GIVE BASE SEQUENCE OF DNA OF PARTICULAR ORGANISM

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GENOTYPE

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ALLELES PRESENT IN CELLS OF INDIVIDUAL, FOR A PARTICULAR TRAIT.

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GERM LINE GENE THERAPY

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PLACE GENE IN2 EMBRYONIC CELLS.

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HABITAT

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PLACE WHERE ORGANISM/ORGANISM POP. LIVES

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HAPLOID

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EUKARYOTIC CELL/ORGANISM HAS ONLY ONE SET OF CHROMOSOMES (n)

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HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE

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IDEA THAT BOTH GENOTYPE FREQUENIES & GENE FREQUENCIES STAY CONSTANT FROM GENERATION 2 GENERATION IN A LARGE INTERBREEDING POP WHERE: RANDOM MATING, NO MUTATION, NO SELECTION OR NO MIGRATION.

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HAYFLICK CONSTANT

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NO. OF TIMES NORMAL BODY CELL DIVIDES B4 UNDERGOING APOPTOSIS.

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HEMIZYGOUS

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CELL OR INDIVIDUAL HAS ONLY ONE ALLELE 4 PARTICULAR GENE.

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HOMEOBOX GENES

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GENES CONTROL BODY PLAN DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGANISM

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HETEROZYGOUS

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EUKARYOTIC CELL/ORGANISM THAT HAS 2 DIFF ALLELES 4 A SPECIFIC GENE.

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HOMOZYGOUS

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EUKARYOTIC CELL/ORGANISM HAS 2 IDENTICAL ALLELES 4 SPECIFIC GENE.

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HORMONE

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MOLECULE RELEASED IN2 BLOOD ACTS AS A CHEMICAL MESSENGER

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HYPOSTASIS

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2 ALLELES INTERACT 2 CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OF ONE CHARACTERISTIC--> 1 IS EPISTATIC AND 1 IS HYPOSTATIC.
WHERE HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE ALLELE AT 1ST LOCUS (PLACE ON CHROMOSOME) PREVENTS THE EXPRESSION OF ANOTHER ALLELE ON 2ND LOCUS. ALLELE 1= EPISTATIC. ALLELE 2= HYPOSTATIC.

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KANGAROO MOTHER CARE

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METHOD OF HUMAN INFANT CARE W/ EXTENDED SKIN 2 SKIN CONTACT & BREASTFEEDING ON DEMAND

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LINKAGE

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GENES 4 DIFF CHARACTERISTICS PRESENT AT DIFF LOCI ON SAME CHROMOSOME

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LOCUS

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SPECIFIC POSITION ON CHROMOSOME OCUPPIED BY SPECIFIC GENE

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MERISTEM

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GROWTH POINTS ON PLANT WHERE IMMATURE CELLS ABLE 2 DIVIDE.

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MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

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IDENTICAL ANTIBODIES--> PRODUCED BY CELLS CLONED FROM ONE ORIGINAL CELL

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MONOGENIC

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CHARACTERISTIC CODED FOR BY ONE GENE

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MUTATION

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STRUCTURAL CHANGE 2 GENETIC MATERIAL VIA CHANGING GENE OR CHROMOSOME

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MUTUALISM

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RELATIONSHIP WHERE BOTH ORGANISMS INVOLVE BENEFIT FROM IT.

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NATURAL SELECTION

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MECHANISM 4 EVOLUTION. ORGANISMS WELL ADAPTED 2 THEIR ENVIRONMENT MORE LIKELY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE PASSING ON ALLELES 4 FAVOURABLE CHARACTERISTICS.

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NICHE

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SPECIES' ROLE IN ECOSYSTEM

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OPERANT CONDITIONING

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-TRIAL AND ERROR LEARNING
-LEARNING OCCURS IN ANINMALS GIVEN PUNISHMENT/REWARD 2 REINFORCE OPERATION
- SKINNER'S BOX--> RATS PRESSED LEVER TO RECEIVE REWARD OF FOOD PELLET TO REINFORCE PRESSING LEVER.

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OPERON

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UNIT OF GENES WORK TOGETHER CONTROLLED BY OPERATOR GENE. LAC OPERON EXAMPLE.

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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONES CONNECTING CNS 2 SENSORS/EFFECTORS ARND BODY

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PHENOTYPE

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OBSERVABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISM

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POLYGENIC

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CHARACTERISTICS CODED 4 BY MANY GENES E.G. HEIGHT, INTELLIGENCE,

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1Y METABOLITES

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- FORMED PART OF NORMAL GROWTH OF MICRO-ORGANISM