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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An element can easily be Identified by the number of_____ it has.
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electrons
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90% of the human body is compose of what 3 elements?
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Carbon
Hydrogen Oxygen |
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def) Molecule
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2 or more atoms combined
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Ionic Bonds
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type of bond found between amino acids in a protein
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Ions
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paricles that carry either a positive or negative charge
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If neutral atoms become positive ions, what has happened to their electons?
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they lose electrons
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What happenes in an acidic solution?
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number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-
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The lower the pH:
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-The greater the hydrogen ions
- the more acidic the solution -the lower the pH number |
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What number most closely reflects the normal pH of blood?
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7.4
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What do organic molecules always contain
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-Carbon
-Hydrogen |
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All carbohydrates are composed of what three elements?
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C,H,&O
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The storage form of glucose in an animal?
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glycogen
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The storage form of glucose in a plant?
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starch
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Cellulose
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the polysaccharide found in the plant cell walls
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Lipids
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the class of organic compounds that are insoluble in water
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What are most enzymes classified as?
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proteins
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Where can this be found:
Phosphate group-sugar-nucleic acid |
Nucleotide
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What is guanine always joined to in DNA?
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cytosine
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What are the building blocks of nucleic acid?
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nucleotides
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The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone):
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sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate
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What form does ATP carry energy?
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high-energy phosphate bonds
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What is DNA refered to as?
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a double helix
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Organelles
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small structures that exist within the cell and have various functions
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Cytoskeleton
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the network of interconnected filaments and microtubules
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Diffusion
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the random movement of molecules from higher concentration of a particles to a lower concentration
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Osmosis
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the diffusion of water across a permeable membrane
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Hypotonic solution
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A cell ina hypotonic solution gains water
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Passive transport/facilitated diffusion
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the assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane without expenditure of energy
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Active transport
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the assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient requiring the use of energy.
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Lysosome
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vesicles produced by the golgi apparatus that contain hydrolytic enzymes
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Substrate
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the substance that an enzyme works upon
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Tissue
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large number of specialized cells that together perform a common function
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Homeostasis
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the realative constancy of the body, or the ability to maintain a constant internal environment
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In water where does the hydrogen bond occur?
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between te hydrogen atom of one molecule and the oxygen of another molecule
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Selective permeability
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the ability of the cell membrane to choose which molecule will enter or exit the cell
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Ribosomes
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organelle which produces proteins
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Golgi Apparatus
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the stack of curved saccules involved in the storage and shipping of proteins
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Mitochondria
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organelle responsible for chemical energy in cells
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Electron transport chain
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Most of the ATP as a result of glucose metabolism is produced by enzymes in their.
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Cerebellum
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controls muscle coordination & maintenance of muscle tone and the posture
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Cerebrum
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the largest portion of the brain and the part responsible for consciousness
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Medulla Oblongata
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location of vital centers responsible for regulating heartbeat, breathing and vasoconstruction
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Hypothalamus controls?
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homeostasis & pituitary gland
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Temperal lobe is associated with which sense?
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vision
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What order does light reach the lens of the eye?
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cornea-aqueous humor-pupil-lens
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Where are the photoreceptors of the eye located?
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Retina
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Anterior Pituitary
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the "master gland" that helps regulate the endocrine system. It stimulates the thyroid, adrenal cortex, testes & ovaries, and mammary glands
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Where are the hypothalamus produced hormones stored and secreted?
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Posterior Pituitary
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What does the thyroid gland release?
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-thyroxine
-triidothyronine -calcitonin |
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Simple Goiter
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the result of lack of iodine
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The normal adult heart rate at rest is?
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60-80 beats per min.
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Systole
Diastole |
-the contraction of the heart muscle
_the relaxation of the heart muscle |
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Sypathetic & parasympathetic
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the 2 divisions of autonomic nervous system
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SA node
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initiates the intrinsic conduction system of the heart
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Normal resting blood pressure for a young adult taken at the brachial artery:
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120/80 mm Hg
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Leukocytes
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another name for white blood cells
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Epiglottis
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prevent food from entering the trachea when you swallow
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Paristalsis
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the contractions of the digestive track that allow swallowed food to move
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Digestion of what substances is confined to the mouth and the small intestine(duodenum)?
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The macromolecules Starch and Carbohydrates
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What digestive organ produces maltase and peptidase?
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Small intestine
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The pancrease secretes enzymes that act upon:
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carbohydrates, fats, proteins
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What is the quickest most readily available source of energy for the body?
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Glucose
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The 2 circuits included in the circulatory system
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systemic & pulmonary circuits
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Hypertension
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high blood pressure
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Atherosclerosis
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the cardiovascular disease that is characterized by the accumulation of fatty materials
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Angina pectoris
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the pain that is associated with the myocardial infractions
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In the axon what direction does the nerves usually travel?
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away from the cell body
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A synapse
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tranmission of a nerve impulse along one neuron to another neuron
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Norepinephrine
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a neurotransmitter released at the end of the postgangionic fiber of sympathetic system
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Ventricles
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the interconnected cavities within the brain which produce cerebrospinal fluid
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Where do respiration gases(Carbon&Oxygen) diffuse?
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Capillaries
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What is the pharynx formed by?
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the joining of the nasal and oral passage
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Where are vocal chords located?
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larynx
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Respiration includes...
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-breathing
-external & internal respiration -production of ATP |
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What does the urinary system help regulate?
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-water content of the body
-blood volume of the body -the pH of blood |
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Ureter
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the tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
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Nephron
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the microscopic anatomical structure within the kidney that forms the urine
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Glomerular
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capillaries enclosed by the glomerular capsule
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Diuretic
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substance that increase urine production
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Urea
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waste product in the metabolism of proteins
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substance found in plasma but not filtrate
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protein
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lymph
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tissue fluid that has entered the lymph vessel
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Where do B lymphocytes develop?
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bone marrow
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Thymus
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where lymphocytes travel to become mature T lymphocytes
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B cells
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specifically responsible for antibody-mediated immunity
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Cytotoxic T cells produces..
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perforin
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Spermatogenisis
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the process of sperm formation
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Seminiferous tubules
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where sperm cells are produced
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Gonaotropic hormones is produced by which gland?
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anterior pituitary gland
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1)the average number of days of the menstrual cycle?
2)Which day does ovulation occur? |
1) 28
2) 14 |
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Endometrium
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the lining of the uterus that is discharges during the menstraul flow stage
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HPV
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caused by genital warts
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(True or false)RNA viruses have special enzymes that transcribe viral RNA to cDNA?
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True
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Chlamydia
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STD caused by bacterium
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Syphilis
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cause by Treponema pallidum
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STD associated with painful urination
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Gonorrhea
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If the parent cell has 14 chromosomes prior to mitosis, the daughter cell will have how many?
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14
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The genetic material; that is found principally in the chromosomes
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DNA
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