Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are emotions? |
Subjective state of felling, accompanied by changes in the body - prepares the organism for a type of action? |
|
|
What are the physical change? |
Various organs - (heart, blood vessles, gut. Which are mediated by Autonomic Nervous Sysstem.
Body posture change as well. Vocalisation and intonisation. |
|
|
How many emotions do we have? |
6 - ten...not set. Fear - strong activation of SNS. High pitch vocalisation/ fearful expression. behavioural tendency to flee. |
|
|
What are components of facial expressions? |
They are universal across all human cultures. Western and Eastern the same. but would change under different circumstances. Expression is not the same public/private |
|
|
What is facial feedback Hypothesis? (Darwin) |
Suggested one way to change your emotional sate is to make the facial expression, that make a specific emotion.
Should then induce the associated emotion. Support for this theory. - research has revealed that P's could smile |
|
|
What is James-Lange theory |
Every emotion is assocaiated with unqiue pattern of periperhal physiological changes in the body. Sensory feedback from these changes in our body, feeling an aspect of an emotion. Frightening situation - running/high heart rate - fear. |
|
|
What is the commonsense view? |
Frightening situation - Fear - Runnning away |
|
|
What are the aruements against James- Lange Theory (Walter Cannon) |
In response to a sudden emotional event - emotional feelings precede changes mediated by the ANS. Different emotions are associated with similar physiocaligical changes in the body. |
|
|
Evidnece partially supporting the James Lange Tehory? |
Botox - reduces emotional experience. Botox are often associated with a significant reduction in a sujective experience. A rare condituon known as pure autonomic failer |
|
|
What is Canon's view? |
Primary basis of emotional feeling lies in the activity of specific structures in the brain not out in the muscles and glands. Limbic system involved - hypo amgydala septum.` |
|
|
What is the role prefrontal cortex in the emotions? |
Case study - Phineas Cage. Was operational for the regulation of emotional impulses. |
|
|
Pre-frontal cortex continued... |
More recent evidence from cases of pre-frontal cotex damage has shown the specific region damaged can have different effects on emotions. Damage to medial PFC - apath lack of emopathy. |
|
|
What is the prefrontal lobotomoy? |
Sometimes performed in the 1940's agitated and hard to manage mental patients. Most often patients with schizophrenia and bi-polar . Involved severing the whiate matter connection between the PFC and thalamus, partially isolating the PFC from the rest of the PFC. |
|
|
Who is Antonio MOniz? |
Won the nobel prize for this in 1949. Needless to say, such surgeries are no longer performed. |
|
|
What does the insular cortex do? |
Shown to be active during many emotional states and processes taste sensations form the tongue. Located deep with the lateral sulcus - boundary formed and temperal lobes. Emotional pain that lights up the insula. |
|
|
What is Hemispheric Assymmetry? |
Wada Test. Entire left or righ hemisphere is selectively rendered unconsious by an infusion or general anaethetic into the lieft or right carotid artery. |
|
|
Suppressing the right hemisphere activity? |
Supression negative emotion like fear, sadness and anger. |
|
|
Suppressing the left hemisphere activity |
Sometimes put subjects into a sate of emotional upset to the point whre they statrt crying. |
|
|
Even personality |
has been linked to hemispheric asymmetries. Happy people more left hemisphere. Sad people more right |
|
|
Fray's BIS/BAS theory? |
Another way of looking at hemispheric asymmetry. BIS system is highly acitivated in anxious people. Activated in the right hemisphere. BAS - govertened by left hemisphere. Joy, Love, hpainess and anger. |
|
|
How is fear controlled? |
Threatening stimulus/ adaptive significance - make us escape danger. |
|
|
How is anxiety? |
More enduring emotional repsonse to the threat or punishment. Adaptive significacnce - helps us ensure we are |
|
|
Yokes and curve. |
Level of anxiety is needed . |
|
|
Innate (instinctive) fears - what are they? |
Fear of a sudden sounds. startle reflex is mediated at the brainstem level of pons - sudden increase in msucle tenston Fear of Heights - infants once they have developed depth perception. Fear of snakes and spiders - Develop of phobias. |
|
|
Conditioned (learned) fears |
The role of the amygdala. Interconnected with varous partos fo the brain generate the statle reflex fight flight respons. Scary images - fearful individuals are more prone. |
|
|
What is the role of the amygdaly? |
Dramatic reduction in learned fear and anxiety response to potential threats. Behavioural changes as hypersexuality - Kluber Bucy - Sndrome. Peope being in potnetially dangerous situations. |
|
|
Need to fill out slides. |
|
|
|
What are the role of Benzodiazepines (BZD) |
Classs of synthetic anxiolytic drugs eg valium |
|
|
Benzodiazepine receptors, what are they? |
GABA a receptor complex bind to and make the GABA - A receptor. Responsive to GABA. When GABA binds to the receptor of BZD, chloride chnanels are opened longer than normal. Decreasing actiavtion. |
|
|
Benzodiazepine Receptors |
Valium blocks the DBI fill in more regardingthis. |
|
|
Benzodiazepine recpetos |
GABA a receptors with BZD are spread in the cortex / limbic system amgydala. |
|
|
Anxiolytic effect of BZD are primarily due to their actions in the amygdala and hypothalamus. |
|
|
|
Other chemicals implicated in anxiety. |
CCK and Orein Norepinehprine and serotonin. Drugs that increase activity in the neurotransmitter systems commonly prouce anxiety reactions. Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) Increase NE activity. |
|
|
Drugs that decrease activity in these neurotransmitters systems. |
Propanolol 0 Inderal) Block NE receptors. used to reduce anxiety in cases of panic disorders, phobias and ptsd. |
|
|
Why are SSRI's sometimes prescribed in anxiety? |
Even though there may be initial increase anxiety, the indidvidual for several weeks, his her anxiety tends to diminish. This is likely due to desnsestiations or down regulation of serotonin receptors over time. In |
|
|
Anger aggrression |
Assocated with the emotion anger Mainly an intraspecies type of agression. - define Controlled by the corticomedial amygdala. |
|
|
Predatory agression |
Interspeices types - is not assoicated with |
|
|
What are the disease of the temperol lobe epilepsy? |
(rage epilepsy) Assocaited with angry outburts Appears to involve the amygdala /. Amygdaectomies for treatment resistant cases. Result individuals were much calmer after the surgery. hypersexual and hyperphagic (overeating) |
|
|
What is Rabies? |
Fatal viral diseas that attacks the temporal lobe. A rabid dog is often enlarged and may attakc with little or no provocation. Rabies virus stimulates saliva production. |
|
|
The importance of the amygdala? Who documented this? |
Chalres Whitman (angry agression) had a large brain tumour that was result of the tumour. Concluded the murderous ramplage was likely a result of the brain tumour stimulating the corticomdeial amygdala. |
|
|
what is the role of serotonin? |
Low levels corelated with aggressin in children, adolescent. Seraotonin activity is highly correlated with aggression in children, adolesncets and adult criminals. Fill in more. |
|
|
Serotonin receptors are especially in PFC. |
feelin more. |
|
|
MDMA can increase serotonin activity. |
|
|
|
What does the level of testosterone do? |
Violent crime rates are highest in the 15 - 25 year old group of males. Voilent offenders ( rapists murderers) have sig highter test levels that non-offenders. |
|
|
What does the level of cortisol do? |
Reduce the likely |
|
|
What is the psychopath? |
Low cortisol/ high testerone / low seratonin. |
