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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Smooth msucle |
involuntary movement. regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Example: stomach muscles |
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Striated muscles |
voluntary control example, muscles in the arm. |
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fast twitch muscles |
type of voluntary muscle that reacts quickly and strongly, but fatigues quickly. example: leg muscles. |
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slow twitch muscles |
slow acting, but more resistant to fatigue. Example: muscles used to control posture. |
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Motor unit |
single motor axon and all of the muscle fibers that it supplies. |
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small monotoneurons |
supply slow twitch muscle fibers require weak stimulation results in low muscle tension |
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large motoneurons |
supply fast twitch muscle fibers requires strong stimulation more muscle tension |
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Propioception |
collecting information about the body movements and posistion |
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Muscle spindle |
a receptor that reports the state of muscle joints to the CNS. |
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Intrafusal fibers Gamma motoneurons |
part of the muscle spindle. Small muscle fibers within the spindle that are fast acting and will cause fatigue. Gamma motoneurons. |
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Extrafusal fibers Alpha motoneurons |
outside of the muscle spindle slow acting and fatigue resistant |
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Muscular dystrophy |
degeneration of muscles and their funtion |
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Dystrophin |
related to muscular dystrophy; vital structure of muscles. |
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Myasthenia Gravis |
profound weakness of skeletal muscles |
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Amyotrophic Lateral Schelrois ALS |
degenerative disorder that seystroys the motoneurons of the brainstem and the spinal cord. 10% heritable. |
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Poliovirus |
deystroys the motoneurons of the spinal cord. |
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Flaccid paralysis |
considerable amount of spinal cord is damaged or severed completely. |
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Strategies for spinal cord injuries |
stem cell therapy growth of axon stumps- gilal cells growth of axon stumps-neuroteophins Peripheral nerve bridge |
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Huntington's disease |
degenerative with cognitive dysfunction depression and schizophrenia like psychosis destroys basal ganglia. |
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Purkinje cells |
multipolar cells that control the cerebral cortex and produce inhibitory post synaptic potentials. |
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cerebellum |
part of the brain that controls movement by inhibiting neurons. |
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non primary motor cortex |
related to behavior by communicating with the brain stem, spinal cord, and M1. |
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SMA-supplementary motor area |
part of the non primary cortex that receives information from the basal ganglia and modulates the activity of the primary motor cortex. initiates movement sequences. |
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damage to the SMA causes |
patients to be unable to make voluntary movements. |
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mirror neurons |
a nueron that is located in the premotor cortex. active both when you make a movement and when you see another person make the same movement. |
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extrapyramidal system |
lesions in this area will interfere with spinal reflexes. |
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basal ganglia |
responsible for the amplitude and direction of movement, especially the type related to memories. |
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Myasthenia Gravis- |
auto immunie disorder that causes weakness of skeletal muscles by attacking AchR. |
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gamma motoneurons |
motoneurons that alter the tension within the spindle and control the sensitivity of the receptors. |
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alpha motoneurons |
faster moto-nuerons that go to the extrafusal muscle fibers and control contractile fibers. |